Valid consent

• What must participants be before agreeing to take part in a study?

  Fully informed about the study
• What does being fully informed about a study not require?

  Disclosing every detail of the study
• What are the ways to deal with ethical issues in studies?

  • Get formal consent (e.g., signing something)
  • Seek retrospective consent after debriefing
  • Use presumptive consent from similar individuals
• How can researchers obtain formal consent from participants?

  By having them sign a document
• What is retrospective consent in research?

  Asking for consent after data use
• What is presumptive consent in research studies?

  Consent from similar individuals before study