Fuel

• What is the term for a reaction that releases heat?

  Exothermic
• What is the primary source of crude oil?

  From underground
• How is crude oil formed?

  From decayed plants and animals over millions of years
• What are the steps in the formation of crude oil?

  • Tiny plants and plankton died
  • Sank to the ocean bottom
  • Decayed and covered by sediment
  • High pressure and temperature caused decay
  • Crude oil stored in rocks
• What is the boiling point of refinery gas?

  20°C
• What is the boiling point of petrol?

  70°C
• What is kerosine used for?

  Jet fuel and lighting
• What is the boiling point of diesel?

  220°C
• What is the purpose of fractional distillation in crude oil processing?

  To separate hydrocarbons based on boiling points
• What are the characteristics of different fractions of crude oil?

  • Refinery Gas: Low boiling point, light, easy to light
  • Petrol: Boiling point 70°C, used for vehicles
  • Kerosine: Boiling point 170°C, jet fuel
  • Diesel: Boiling point 220°C, diesel fuels
  • Fuel Oil: Used for ships and heating
  • Bitumen: Boiling point 340°C, used for roads
• What happens to crude oil when heated in a fractionating column?

  It evaporates and condenses at boiling points
• How do fractions with lower boiling points behave in a fractionating column?

  They condense at the top of the column
• What is the relationship between viscosity and boiling point in crude oil fractions?

  Higher boiling point means more viscous
• What is the boiling point of bitumen?

  340°C
• What is the color and flammability of large molecules in crude oil?

  Dark in color and hard to light
• What is the boiling point of naphtha?

  120°C
• What is the significance of high pressure and temperature in crude oil formation?

  They facilitate the decay of organisms
• How does the fractionating column separate crude oil components?

  By boiling points and condensation