Integumentary

• What does this system consist of?

  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Exocrine glands
• What are the functions of the skin?

  • Protection from chemicals, UV, disease
  • Provides sensation
  • Temperature regulation
  • Vitamin D production
  • Excretion
• What is the purpose of skin?

  • To protect from foreign bodies

  Skin is tough, waterproof, skin flora, dead keratinocyte cells in the upper epidermis

  • Protect against mechanical damage

  Epithelial cells reproduce constantly to repair damage

  • Protect against UV damage

  Keratin makes skin tough and waterproof, melanin protects against UV and sunburn

  • Vitamin production

  Vitamin D absorbs calcium and is produced by UV

  • Energy storage

  Excess glycogen turns into fat, skin contains adipose tissue

  • Thermoregulation
• What happens if someone is cold?

  • Thermoreceptors in hypothalamus detect change
  • Vasoconstriction causes blood vessels to narrow
  • Less blood flow to the surface of the skin, less heat evaporates
  • Hairs raise to create a layer of insulation
  • Shivering
  • Increased respiration
• What happens if someone is hot?

  1. Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect change
  2. Vasodilation cause blood vessls to widen
  3. Increased blood flow towards the skin
  4. Sweating - water evaporates
  5. Hairs flatten to remove insulating layer
• What do melanocytes produce?

  Melanin
• What is the function of melanin in the skin?

  It gives skin its color and protects from UV damage
• What do Merkel cells work with?

  Nervous system
• What is the role of Merkel cells?

  They detect touch
• What do keratinocytes produce?

  Keratin
• What is the function of keratin?

  It helps cells be water-resistant and tough
• What are the characteristics of the epidermis?

  • Contains keratinocytes
  • Provides a protective barrier
  • Avascular (no blood vessels)
  • Composed of multiple layers
• What is the structure of the epidermis primarily made of?

  Keratinocytes
• What is the role of the dermis?

  It supports and nourishes the epidermis
• What does the dermis contain?

  Blood vessels, sweat glands, and nerves
• What is the function of collagen in the dermis?

  It provides structural support
• What is the hypodermis also known as?

  Subcutaneous layer
• What is the primary function of the hypodermis?

  It insulates and cushions the body
• What are the layers of the skin and their functions?

  1. Epidermis

  • Protective barrier
  • Contains keratinocytes and melanocytes

  1. Dermis

  • Supports and nourishes epidermis
  • Contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands

  1. Hypodermis

  • Insulates and cushions body
  • Connects skin to underlying tissues
• What is the role of adipose tissue in the hypodermis?

  It stores energy and provides insulation
• How does the skin protect against environmental damage?

  It acts as a barrier against pathogens and UV rays
• How do the different skin layers contribute to overall skin function?

  The epidermis protects, the dermis supports, and the hypodermis insulates
• What are the types of cells found in the epidermis?

  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • Langerhans cells
• What do sweat glands do?

  They help regulate body temperature
• What is the role of hair follicles in the skin?

  They produce hair and provide sensory functions
• How do skin cells contribute to the body's overall health?

  They protect against pathogens and regulate temperature
• What are the functions of the skin?

  • Protection against pathogens
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Sensation (touch, pressure, pain)
  • Synthesis of vitamin D
  • Storage of lipids and water