Prokaryotic cells

• What are prokaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles, they do not have a nucleus.
• What is a prokaryotic cell wall made of?

  murein
• What is a capsule?

  Outer protective layer, prevents dehydration (water loss) and avoid the immune system
• What are plasmids?

  Small rings of extra DNA, smaller than the cell’s circular DNA.
• True or false, viruses are living

  false
• What do viruses need to replicate?

  Host cell
• What do viruses not have?

  Ribosomes

  Most cellular features

  plasma membrane

  nucleus
• What are viruses known as?

  Acellular or as parasitic particles.
• What type of gentic material do viruses contain?

  DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded
• Where is the DNA in a virus stored?

  In a protein capsid
• What is the lipid envelope in some viruses?

  A protective outer envelope made of lipids stolen from host cell membranes, helps enter new cells
• Whats an attachment protein on a virus?

  Spikes on the surface, that Help the virus bind to host cells
• How do bacteria and viruses replicate?

  Bacteria replicate by binary fission, viruses hijack a host cell to replicate
• What is the scientific word called for the little hairs on a bacteria?

  pilus
• What are some structures plasmids have?

  1. Antibiotic resistance genes – Provide bacteria with resistance to antibiotics like penicillin.
  2. Conjugation (F-plasmid) genes – Enable gene transfer between bacteria via a sex pilus.
  3. Origin of Replication - A special DNA sequence that allows plasmids to replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome.