control of blood glucose

• What are some key terms related to blood glucose control?

  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Glycogenolysis
  • Glycolysis
  • Glucose
  • Glycogen
  • Glucagon
• Why are flashcards recommended for this topic?

  They help remember key terms and processes
• How does blood glucose control relate to homeostasis?

  It involves negative feedback mechanisms
• What is negative feedback in the context of blood glucose levels?

  Restoring levels to original limits after deviation
• What triggers negative feedback in blood glucose levels?

  Eating food or exercising
• Which organ is primarily responsible for controlling blood glucose levels?

  The pancreas
• What are the endocrine cells in the pancreas called?

  Islets of Langerhans
• Which hormones are released by the islets of Langerhans?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What role does adrenaline play in blood glucose control?

  It helps release glucose from glycogen stores
• How does the negative feedback loop function when blood glucose levels increase?

  Beta cells release insulin to lower glucose
• What happens to liver cells when insulin is released?

  They become more permeable to glucose
• What is glycogenesis?

  Conversion of glucose to glycogen
• When does glycogenolysis occur?

  When blood glucose levels are too low
• What is gluconeogenesis?

  Creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
• What triggers gluconeogenesis?

  When glycogen stores are depleted
• How does insulin affect glucose levels in the blood?

  It lowers blood glucose levels
• What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

  They detect high blood glucose and secrete insulin
• What happens when insulin binds to its receptors on target cells?

  It changes channel proteins to allow glucose entry
• What is facilitated diffusion in the context of glucose transport?

  Glucose moves through protein channels down the gradient
• Why must glucose be converted to glycogen after entering cells?

  To prevent cell lysis from high solubility
• What is the role of glucagon in blood glucose regulation?

  It raises blood glucose levels when low
• How does glucagon activate glycogenolysis?

  By binding to receptors and activating adenylate cyclase
• What is the second messenger model in hormone action?

  A cascade of reactions initiated by hormone binding
• What are the two types of diabetes?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• What causes Type 1 diabetes?

  Inability to produce insulin due to autoimmune disease
• What is a common treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Insulin injections or automated pumps
• What causes Type 2 diabetes?

  Loss of responsiveness to insulin in target cells
• What are some treatments for Type 2 diabetes?

  Diet control, exercise, and insulin if severe
• How does obesity relate to Type 2 diabetes?

  It increases the risk of insulin resistance
• What is the role of adrenaline in response to stress?

  It increases blood glucose for energy
• How does adrenaline affect liver cells?

  It binds to receptors and activates glucose release
• What is the significance of the second messenger model for adrenaline?

  It triggers a cascade to increase glucose availability
• What happens to blood glucose levels during the fight or flight response?

  They increase to provide energy for muscles
• What is the relationship between respiration and glucose during stress?

  Increased respiration requires more glucose for energy
• What is the role of the liver in blood glucose control?

  It stores and releases glucose as needed
• How does the body respond to low blood glucose levels?

  By releasing glucagon to raise glucose levels
• What is the effect of high blood glucose levels on the pancreas?

  It stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells
• What is the role of the kidneys in blood glucose control?

  They filter excess glucose from the blood
• How does exercise affect blood glucose levels?

  It can lower blood glucose levels
• What is the importance of maintaining normal blood glucose levels?

  To ensure proper cellular function and energy