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• What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?


  Animal and plant cells
• What is contained within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?


  Genetic material (DNA)
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls movement of substances in and out
• What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?


  Site of respiration to transfer energy
• What do chloroplasts contain for photosynthesis?


  Chlorophyll
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?


  Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen
• What is the structure of the cell wall in plant cells?


  Made of cellulose
• What type of cells are bacteria?


  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the genetic material structure in prokaryotic cells?


  Single loop of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?


  Small rings of DNA
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size to eukaryotic cells?


  Smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What are the main differences between animal cells, plant cells, and prokaryotic cells?

  • Animal cells: No cell wall, no chloroplasts
  • Plant cells: Have cell wall, chloroplasts, and permanent vacuole
  • Prokaryotic cells: No nucleus, single loop of DNA, smaller size
• What is the function of ribosomes?


  Enable production of proteins
• How do electron microscopes differ from light microscopes?

  Use beams of electrons instead of light
• What is the function of a red blood cell?

  Transport oxygen around the body
• What are three adaptations of a red blood cell?

  No nucleus, contains haemoglobin, bi-concave shape
• What is the function of a nerve cell?

  Carry electrical impulses around the body
• What are two adaptations of a nerve cell?

  Branched endings, myelin sheath insulates axon
• What is the function of a sperm cell?

  Fertilises an ovum (egg)
• What are two adaptations of a sperm cell?

  Tail, lots of mitochondria
• What is the function of a palisade cell?


  Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
• What are two adaptations of a palisade cell?

  Lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
• What are two adaptations of a root hair cell?

  Long projection, lots of mitochondria
• What can light microscopes see that are too small for the naked eye?

  Sub-cellular structures like ribosomes
• What is the resolution of light microscopes compared to electron microscopes?

  Lower resolution than electron microscopes
• Why can't living samples be viewed with electron microscopes?

  They use beams of electrons
• What is the cost comparison between light and electron microscopes?

  Electron microscopes are more expensive
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Absorb light energy for photosynthesis
• What is the main function of the cell wall?

  Strengthens and supports the cell
• What is the role of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?

  Stores cell sap and maintains turgor pressure
• What is the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

  Single loop of DNA
• What is the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?

  Where chemical reactions happen
• What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

  Enable production of proteins
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls movement of substances in and out
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Site of respiration to transfer energy
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Strengthens and supports the cell
• What is the function of a red blood cell?

  Transport oxygen around the body
• What are three adaptations of a red blood cell?

  No nucleus, contains haemoglobin, bi-concave shape