Depression

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher rate of depression symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the percentage of women aged 16 to 29 experiencing depressive symptoms?

  Over 4 in 10
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned in the text?

  To teach principles of depression
• What does the video suggest for those seeking support?

  Look for other organizations with resources
• What cognitive concept will be discussed in the video?

  Schemas
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework built from experience
• How do schemas help us in daily life?

  They act as mental shortcuts
• What happens when schemas lead to negative biases?

  They can cause distorted self-perceptions
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  • Negative beliefs about oneself
  • Negative beliefs about the world
  • Negative beliefs about the future
• What negative behaviors can result from negative schemas?

  Avoidance, withdrawal, and inaction
• How might a depressed individual react to social situations?

  They might avoid social situations
• What is cognitive distortion according to Beck?

  Faulty negative thinking patterns
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortion?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What does selective abstraction involve?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, Belief, Consequence
• What does the 'A' in the ABC model represent?

  Activating event
• How do beliefs differ between those with and without depression?

  Beliefs can be rational or irrational
• What is 'masturbatory thinking' according to Ellis?

  Not accepting we don't live in a perfect world
• What are the three 'musts' that hold us back?

  Must do well, must be treated well, must be easy
• What does research suggest about negative thinking and depression?

  Negative thinking styles increase depression risk
• What did March's study find about CBT effectiveness?

  CBT had an effectiveness rate of 81%
• What is a potential issue with CBT for severely depressed patients?

  They may lack motivation for engagement
• What is the role of the patient in CBT?

  The patient is active and responsible
• What is a criticism of CBT regarding client responsibility?

  It can be seen as victim blaming
• What is a limitation of both REBT and CBT?

  They may focus too much on the present
• What is a potential economic argument for CBT?

  CBT is more expensive than drug therapy
• Why might patients prefer drug treatments over CBT?

  Due to lack of side effects
• What are the key differences between Beck's CBT and Ellis's REBT?

  • Beck's CBT: Patient acts as a scientist
  • Ellis's REBT: Therapist directly disputes irrational beliefs
• What is the effectiveness rate of combined treatment for depression?

  86% effectiveness rate
• What is the goal of shame attacking exercises in REBT?

  To confront fears and cope with disapproval
• What is the ultimate aim of cognitive therapies for depression?

  To change negative schemas and thoughts
• What is the role of homework in Beck's CBT?

  To identify and challenge negative thoughts
• What is the significance of the therapist's role in REBT?

  To confront and dispute irrational beliefs
• How does the cognitive approach view the origin of depression?

  As stemming from negative schemas and thoughts
• What is the relationship between cognitive distortions and depression?

  Cognitive distortions contribute to depression
• What is the impact of negative thinking on postpartum women according to research?

  It increases the likelihood of developing depression
• What is the main focus when evaluating cognitive explanations for depression?

  To outline and evaluate cognitive theories
• What is the significance of the study by March regarding treatment effectiveness?

  It supports the effectiveness of combined treatment