2.1.1 + 2.1.2 Atomic Structure

• what is an isotope?

  isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons, and different masses.
• why do isotopes similar chemical properties?

  because they have the same electronic structure
• why do isotopes have slightly varying physical properties?

  because they have different masses
• what is the relative isotopic mass?

  relative isotopic mass is the mass of one isotope compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12
• what is the relative atomic mass?

  relative atomic mass is the weighted mean mass of one atom compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12
• what is the relative molecular mass?

  relative molecular mass is the average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12
• what is the weighted mean mass?

  the mean taking in the relative abundancies of the isotope
• how to calculate the relative atomic mass?

  R.A.M= (isotopic mass x % abundance/100)
• why is the peak at 160 double the other peaks?

  this is because there is double the probability of 160 Br79-Br81 as can be Br79-Br81

  
• summary of most important ions to know:

  here

  A)

  B)

  C)

  D)

  E)

  F)

  G)

  H)

  
• what are spectator ions?

  -not changing state

  -not changing oxidation number
• how to write ionic equations?

  1. take full equation
  2. separate (aq only) solutions into ions
  3. cancel out spectator ions leaving ionic equation

  example: