THERAPY

• WHAT IS THE DYSFUNCTIONAL THOUGHT DIARY?


  AS HOMEWORK, CLIENTS ARE ASKED TP KEEP A RECORD OF THE EVENTS LEADING TO ANY NEGATIVE EMOTIONS EXPERIENCES
• WHAT SHOULD CLIENTS DO WITH THE RECORDS OF EVENTS IN THE DTD?


  THEY SHOULD ALSO RECORD THE AUTOMATIC NEGATIVE THOUGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH THOSE EVENTS AND RATE HOW MUCH THEY BELIEVE IN THEM (1-100%)
• WHAT IS THE THIRD STEP IN THE DTD?


  CLIENTS ARE REQUIRED TO WRITE A RATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS AND RATE THEIR BELIEF IN IT, AGAIN AS A PERCENTAGE.
• WHAT IS THE LAST STEP OF THE DTD?


  THEY SHOULD RERATE THEIR BELIEFS IN THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS
• WHAT IS COGNITIE RESTRUCTURING?


  THIS IS WHERE THE THERAPIST AND THE CLIENT WORK TOGETHER ON IDENTIFYING AND CHANGING NEGATIVE THINKING PATTERNS- THIS IS STARTED ONCE THE CLIENT REVEALS MORE ABOUT THE NATURE OF THEIR THOUGHTS.
• WHAT IS DONE DURING CBT TO CHALLENGE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS?


  A CLIENT MAY FEEL DISTRESSED ABOUT SOMETHING THEY HAVE OVERHEARD, ASSUMING SOMEONE IS TALKING NEGATIVELY ABOUT THEM. THE THERAPIST MAY ASK A CLIENT TO ASK THEMSELVES "WHERE'S THE EVIDENCE THAT X WAS TALKING ABOUT ME?/ WHAT'S THE WORST THAT CAN HAPPEN IF X IS?"
• WHAT IS THE RESULT OF COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING?


  BY CHALLENGING THESE THOUGHTS AND REPLACING THEM WITH MORE CONSTRUCTIVE ONES, CLIENTS ARE ABLE TO TRY OUT NEW WAYS OF BEHAVING
• WHAT IS PLEASANT ACTIVITY SCHEDULING?


  THIS INVOLVES ASKING THE CLIENT TO PLAN FOR EACH DAY, ONE PLEASANT ACTIVITY THAT THEY WILL ENGAGE IN. IT COULD BE SOMETHING THAT GIES THEM A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT (GOING TO A NEW CLASS IN THE GYM) OR SOMETHING THAT WILL GIVE THEM A BREAK FROM A NORMAL ROUTINE (EATING LUNCH AWAY FROM AN OFFICE DESK)
• WHAT WILL INDULGING IN PLEASANT ACTIVITIES DO?


  INDUCE MORE PLEASANT EMOTIONS AND BECOME A DISTRACTION FROM NEGATIVE THINKING PATTERNS. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE AS IT HELPS CLIENTS CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOUR
• WHAT IS A BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE?


  INVOLVES ASING CLIENTS TO KEEP A RECORD OF THEIR EXPERIENCE, HOW THEY FELT AND WHAT SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES WERE. I DIDNT GO AS PLANNED, CLIENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO EXPLORE WHY AND WHAT COULDVE BEEN DONE TO CHANGE IT.
• WHAT CAN BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVATION TECHNIQUES DO?


  INCOURAGES CLIENTS TO TAKE ACTION THAT MOVES TOWARD A POSITIVE SOLUTION AND GOAL- THIS SIMILTANIOUSLY MOVES THEM AWAY FROM NEGATIVE THINKING AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR
• JARRETT ET AL 1999


  CMPARED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CBT WITH ANTIDEPRESSANTS IN 108 PATIENTS WITH SEERE DEPRESSION. PTPS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED EITHER GROUPS PLUS A PLACEBO GROUP. STUDY LASTED FOR 10 WEEKS AND RESULTS FOUND THAT CBT WAS AS EFFECTIVE AS DRUG THERAPY AND MORE THAN A PLACEBO.
• HOW CAN CBT BE SEEN AS EMPOWERING?


  ENCOURAGES CLIENTS TO USE THEIR COPING STRATEGIES AND HIGHLIGHTS FREE WILL
• WHY HAS CBT BECOME POPULAR?


  AS PEOPLE COULDNT DEAL WITH THE DETERMINIST APPROACH OF USING DRUG THERAPIES OR PSYCHOANALYSIS.
• AS A RESULT, WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO CBT

  IT HAS BECOME TO MOST WIDELY USED THERAPY BY CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS WORKING IN THE NHS
• KUYEN ANS TSIVRIKOS 2009

  THERAPIST COMPETANCE IS RELATED TO THERARY OUTCOMES- 69 DEPRESSED CLIENTS WERE TREATED BY 1/18 THERAPISTS. THOSE WITH HIGHER COMPETANCE ACHIEVED GREATER OUTCOMES FOR THEIR CLIENTS.
• WHAT DO COMPETANCIES IN CBT INCLUDE?

  THE ABILITY TO STRUCTURE SESSIONS, PLAN AND REVIEW HOMEWORK, APPLICATIN OF RELAXATION SKILLS AND THE ABILITY TO ENGAGE AND FOSTER GOOD THERAPUTIC RELATIONS
• WHY CAN CBT NOT BE PROVEN TO BE A SUITABLE TREATMENT?

  INDIVIDUAL BELIEFS- CBT IS LESS LIKELY TO WORK FOR THOSE WHO HAE HIGH LVELS OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS THAT ARE RIGID AND RESISTANT TO CHANGE. FURTHERMORE, IT FAILS TO AID THOSE WHO FACE REALISTIC STRESSORS THAT THERAPY CANNOT RESOLVE.
• WHAT DOES THE COGNITIVE APPROACH ASSUME?

  THAT THE CLIENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR DISORDER- THIS IS CALLED PATIENT BLAME
• WHY CAN 'BLAMING' THE INDIVIDUAL NOT BE SEEN AS HELPFUL?

  SITUATIONAL FACTIORS MAY BE OVERLOOKED WHICH ARE CONTRIBUTING TO THEIR DISORDER SUCH AS FAMILY PROBLEMS OR LIFE EVENTS THAT THE CLIENT IS NOT IN A POSITION TO CHANGE. THEREFORE, THE RESPONSIBILTY FOR THE PATIENTS DISORDER RELIES ON EXTERNAL FACTORS RATHER THAN THEMSELES.
• ALLOY ET AL 1979

  DEPRESSIVE REALISTS SEE THINGS FOR WHAT THEY ARE COMPARED TO OTHERS WHO MAY LOOK AT THINGS THROUH ROSE TINTED GLASSES. THEY DISPLAY THE 'SADDER BUT WISER' EFFECT AND SO ARE MORE ACCURATEIN THEIR ESTIMATES OF THE LIKELIHOOD 'DISASTER' THAN NON-DEPRESSED PEOPLE.
• WHAT IS THE MAIN ISSUE OF CBT?

  IT TENDS TO DISCUNT THE THOUGHTS THAT DEPRESSED PEOPLE HAVE WHICH MAY DAMAGE SELF ESTEEM EVEN FURTHER