Alcohols

• What are alcohols classified as in organic chemistry?

  Homologous series of organic compounds
• How do alcohols differ from alkanes?

  Alcohols have an -OH group instead of hydrogen
• What is the naming convention for alcohols?

  Replace the final 'e' with 'ol'
• What are the first four alcohols in the homologous series?

  Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
• What is the general formula for alcohols?

  $C_nH_{2n+1}OH$
• What does it mean for alcohols to be soluble?

  They can dissolve in water to form a solution
• What is the pH of alcohol solutions?

  Neutral pH
• How are carboxylic acids formed from alcohols?

  By oxidizing alcohols with oxygen
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  $COOH$
• What is the significance of alcohols being flammable?

  They can undergo complete combustion in air
• What is the combustion equation for ethanol?

  $C_2H_5OH +$$O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 +$$H_2O$
• Why are alcohols used as fuels?

  They release a lot of energy when burned
• What is one common use of alcohols in industry?

  As solvents
• Why are alcohols preferred over water as solvents?

  They can dissolve substances that water can't
• What types of compounds can alcohols dissolve?

  Hydrocarbons and lipid compounds
• What are the properties of the first four alcohols in the homologous series?

  • Flammable
  • Soluble in water
  • Can be oxidized to form carboxylic acids
• What are the uses of alcohols in everyday applications?

  • Fuels for energy release
  • Solvents in industrial processes