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Science Paper 1s
Chemistry
C1
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Cards (187)
What are all substances made of?
Atoms
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Why can't we see atoms with a microscope?
They're
too small
to see
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How many atoms are in a 50p piece?
About
7.74 x 10<sup>21</sup>
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What is the radius of an atom?
About 0.1
nanometres
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What is located in the middle of an atom?
The
nucleus
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What does the nucleus contain?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What is the radius of the nucleus?
About 1 x
10<sup>-10</sup>
m
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Why does the nucleus have a positive charge?
Because of the
protons
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Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?
In the
nucleus
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What is the charge of protons?
Positive
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What is the charge of neutrons?
Neutral
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What is the charge of electrons?
Negative
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How do electrons move in an atom?
In electron shells around the
nucleus
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What determines the size of an atom?
The volume of the
electron orbits
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What is the relative mass of electrons?
Very small
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Why are atoms neutral?
They have equal
protons
and
electrons
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What happens in an ion?
Protons
do not equal
electrons
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What does the atomic number represent?
The number of
protons
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What does the mass number represent?
The total number of
protons
and
neutrons
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How do you find the number of neutrons?
Subtract
atomic number
from
mass number
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What is an element?
A substance with the same number of
protons
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What decides the type of atom?
The number of
protons
in the nucleus
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How many different elements are there approximately?
About 100
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What do all atoms of a particular element have in common?
The same number of
protons
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What is the shorthand for representing atoms?
Symbols
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Where do many old element symbols come from?
Latin
names of the elements
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What are isotopes?
Different forms of the same
element
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What do isotopes have in common?
The same number of
protons
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope?
Mass number
minus
atomic number
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What is relative atomic mass?
An average mass of all
isotopes
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How is relative atomic mass calculated?
Sum of (
isotope abundance
x
mass number
)
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What is the relative atomic mass of copper with given abundances?
63.6
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What is a compound?
A substance formed from two or more
elements
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How are compounds formed?
Atoms
combine through
chemical reactions
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What holds the atoms in a compound together?
Chemical bonds
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What type of bonding occurs between metals and non-metals?
Ionic bonding
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What is needed to separate a compound into its elements?
A
chemical reaction
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What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They lose
electrons
to form
positive ions
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What happens to non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They gain
electrons
to form negative ions
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What is covalent bonding?
Atoms
share
electrons
with each other
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