C1

Cards (187)

  • What are all substances made of?
    Atoms
  • Why can't we see atoms with a microscope?
    They're too small to see
  • How many atoms are in a 50p piece?
    About 7.74 x 10<sup>21</sup>
  • What is the radius of an atom?
    About 0.1 nanometres
  • What is located in the middle of an atom?
    The nucleus
  • What does the nucleus contain?
    Protons and neutrons
  • What is the radius of the nucleus?
    About 1 x 10<sup>-10</sup> m
  • Why does the nucleus have a positive charge?
    Because of the protons
  • Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?
    In the nucleus
  • What is the charge of protons?
    Positive
  • What is the charge of neutrons?
    Neutral
  • What is the charge of electrons?
    Negative
  • How do electrons move in an atom?
    In electron shells around the nucleus
  • What determines the size of an atom?
    The volume of the electron orbits
  • What is the relative mass of electrons?
    Very small
  • Why are atoms neutral?
    They have equal protons and electrons
  • What happens in an ion?
    Protons do not equal electrons
  • What does the atomic number represent?
    The number of protons
  • What does the mass number represent?
    The total number of protons and neutrons
  • How do you find the number of neutrons?
    Subtract atomic number from mass number
  • What is an element?
    A substance with the same number of protons
  • What decides the type of atom?
    The number of protons in the nucleus
  • How many different elements are there approximately?
    About 100
  • What do all atoms of a particular element have in common?
    The same number of protons
  • What is the shorthand for representing atoms?
    Symbols
  • Where do many old element symbols come from?
    Latin names of the elements
  • What are isotopes?
    Different forms of the same element
  • What do isotopes have in common?
    The same number of protons
  • How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an isotope?
    Mass number minus atomic number
  • What is relative atomic mass?
    An average mass of all isotopes
  • How is relative atomic mass calculated?
    Sum of (isotope abundance x mass number)
  • What is the relative atomic mass of copper with given abundances?
    63.6
  • What is a compound?
    A substance formed from two or more elements
  • How are compounds formed?
    Atoms combine through chemical reactions
  • What holds the atoms in a compound together?
    Chemical bonds
  • What type of bonding occurs between metals and non-metals?
    Ionic bonding
  • What is needed to separate a compound into its elements?
    A chemical reaction
  • What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
    They lose electrons to form positive ions
  • What happens to non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?
    They gain electrons to form negative ions
  • What is covalent bonding?
    Atoms share electrons with each other