GCSE BIOLOGY P1

• What is the main advantage of a light microscope?

  It can view live specimens
• What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

  2,000 times
• What does resolution refer to in microscopy?

  The ability to see two objects as separate
• What is the resolving power of a light microscope?

  Around 200 nanometers
• What is the main disadvantage of an electron microscope?

  It cannot view living specimens
• What is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?

  Two million times
• What is the resolution of an electron microscope?

  0.2 nanometers
• How do light and electron microscopes differ in terms of specimen type?

  Light microscopes can view live specimens
• What are the main components of an animal cell?

  Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
• What is the function of the nucleus in an animal cell?

  Controls the cell's activities
• What does the cell membrane do?

  Controls passage of substances in and out
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  Where chemical reactions occur
• What is the role of mitochondria in an animal cell?

  Where aerobic respiration occurs
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Protein synthesis
• What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?

  Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Absorbs light for photosynthesis
• What is the function of a permanent vacuole in plant cells?

  Helps keep the cell rigid
• What is the cell wall made of in plant cells?

  Cellulose
• What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic do not
• What type of cells are all bacteria?

  Prokaryotic cells
• What is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells like?

  Found as a single loop of DNA
• What is a plasmid?

  Small rings of extra DNA
• What is the function of a flagellum in bacterial cells?

  For movement
• What happens to cells as an organism develops?

  Cells differentiate and develop specialized structures
• What is a specialized cell?

  A cell that has developed specific functions
• What is the function of a sperm cell?

  To fertilize an egg cell
• How does the structure of a sperm cell aid its function?

  It has a tail for swimming and mitochondria for energy
• What is the function of muscle cells?

  To contract and relax for movement
• How do muscle cells support their function?

  They have many mitochondria for energy
• What is the function of a nerve cell?

  To carry electrical impulses
• How does the structure of a nerve cell support its function?

  It has a long axon for impulse transmission
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  To absorb water and mineral ions
• How does the structure of a root hair cell aid its function?

  It has a large surface area for absorption
• What is the function of xylem cells?

  To transport water and minerals up the plant
• How do xylem cells facilitate their function?

  They form long hollow tubes for easy transport
• What is the function of phloem cells?

  To transport dissolved food up and down the plant
• How do phloem cells support their function?

  They have sieve plates for easy food movement
• What is diffusion?

  Spreading out of particles in solution
• What is the net movement in diffusion?

  From higher concentration to lower concentration
• How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

  Higher temperatures increase diffusion speed