Coding is the format in which information is stored in memory.
Baddeley researched into coding and the recall of acoustically similar words in the STM was worse, and in the LTM the recall of semantically words was worse. From this he concluded that the STM is coded acoustically and the LTM is coded semantically.
Capacity – STM
Capacity is the amount of information that can be stored in memory.
Jacobs research into capacity found that the mean span for digits was 9.3 and for letters it was 7.3.
Miller also researched into capacity and concluded the capacity of the STM is 7+-2 chunks.
Duration – STM
Duration is the length of time memory can be stored.
Peterson and Peterson research found that up to 3 seconds recall of a consonant syllable and 3-digit number was 80% but after 18 seconds recall dropped to 3% showing that the duration of STM is 18 seconds.
Bahrick researched into LTM and found that within 15 years of graduation recall was 90% accurate and after 48 years of graduation recall was 70%. He concluded that LTM could last a lifetime.