Design

• What is the main objective of the Patient Monitoring System?

  To diagnose the patient’s health condition
• Why is a cost-effective alert mechanism necessary in patient monitoring?

  It provides timely warnings to medical staff
• What type of sensors are used in the Patient Monitoring System?

  Heart rate and temperature sensors
• How does the microcontroller function in the Patient Monitoring System?

  It collects and transfers patient data
• What parameters are displayed on the OLED in the system?

  Patient name, NHS number, date, time, temperature, heartbeat

  
• What happens when a critical condition arises in the Patient Monitoring System?

  Alert message is sent via GSM
• What are the critical condition threshold values for temperature and heartbeat?

  Temperature > 20, Heartbeat > 50
• What should the system do if a threshold value is exceeded?

  Send an alert to the remote monitoring station
• What is the purpose of the RESET and SET functions in the system?

  To manage alert notifications from the system
• What data must be stored locally using the micro-SD card?

  Patient’s name, NHS number, date, time, temperature, heartbeat
• What components are required for the Patient Monitoring System?

  Arduino Mega, RTC Module, temperature sensor, heartbeat sensor, GSM module, SD card module, OLED, breadboard, wires
• What is the function of the DS3231 RTC module?

  To manage timekeeping functions accurately

  
• What communication interface does the DS3231 RTC module use?

  I2C interface

  
• What features does the DS3231 RTC module provide?

  Maintains time, alarms, and power backup
• What is the temperature range of the DS18B20 temperature sensor?

  -55°C to 125°C
• How does the DS18B20 communicate with the microcontroller?

  Using the One-Wire communication protocol
• What is the operating voltage range for the DS18B20?

  3.0V to 5.0V
• What is the main function of the heartbeat sensor?

  To detect the pulse rate or heart rate
• What is the operating voltage for the heartbeat sensor?

  +5V or +3.3V
• What is the purpose of the GSM module in the system?

  To send and receive SMS messages
• What GSM bands does the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield support?

  GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900
• What can the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield do?

  Make calls, send SMS, connect to networks
• What are the steps involved in the system design for the Patient Monitoring System?

  1. Design a system using sensors and components
  2. Connect each sensor to the Arduino
  3. Write the sketch for each sensor
  4. Test the system with a pay-as-you-go SIM card and SD memory card
• What are the key features of the DS3231 RTC module?

  • Accurate timekeeping
  • I2C interface for microcontroller
  • Maintains time during power outages
  • Programmable alarms
  • Automatic date adjustment for months and leap years

  
• What are the specifications of the DS18B20 temperature sensor?

  • Temperature range: -55°C to 125°C
  • Operating voltage: 3.0V to 5.0V
  • One-Wire communication protocol
  • Resolution options: 9 to 12 bits
• What are the main specifications of the heartbeat sensor?

  • Biometric pulse rate detection
  • Operating voltage: +5V or +3.3V
  • Inbuilt amplification and noise cancellation
  • Not FDA-approved for medical use
• What are the features of the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield?

  • Supports quad-band GSM
  • Can make and receive voice calls
  • Can send and receive SMS messages
  • Connects to any global GSM network
• What type of sensor is described in the study material?

  Rate detecting sensor
• What type of sensor is the rate detecting sensor?

  Plug and Play type sensor
• What is the operating voltage of the rate detecting sensor?

  +5V or +3.3V
• What is the current consumption of the rate detecting sensor?

  4mA
• What does the rate detecting sensor include for signal processing?

  Inbuilt Amplification and Noise cancellation circuit
• What is the diameter of the rate detecting sensor?

  0.625”
• What is the thickness of the rate detecting sensor?

  0.125” Thick
• What is the purpose of the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield?

  To interface with Arduino and utilize GSM features

  
• What does the SIM900 shield support in terms of GSM bands?

  Quad-band: GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900
• What types of communication can the SIM900 shield perform?

  Make/receive calls, send/receive SMS, GPRS data
• What is the function of the PWR LED on the SIM900 shield?

  Indicates the shield is receiving power
• What does the Status LED indicate on the SIM900 shield?

  SIM900’s working status
• What does the Net light LED indicate on the SIM900 shield?

  Status of the cellular network connection