menstrual cycle+contraception

• what are the main female reproductive organs

  fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina
• what happens in the fallopian tubes during impregnation

  egg and sperm meet in tubes and fertilise
• what happens in the ovaries

  egg produced in ovaries
• what happens in the uterus during impregnation

  embryo grows here
• when are sex hormones first starting to be released

  puberty
• what is the main reproductive hormone in men and what does it do

  testoserone - stimulates sperm production
• what is the main reproductive hormone for women

  oestrogen- involved in the menstrual cycle
• roughly how many days is a menstrual cycle

  28days
• what happens from days 1-5 in the menstrual cycle

  uterus lining breaks down
• what happens from days 4-14 in the menstrual cycle

  lining of the uterus builds back up again, ready to receive an egg
• what happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

  egg is released from the ovary, this is ovulation
• what happens from days 14-28 in the menstrual cycle

  lining of uterus in maintained and if no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall, the cycle starts again
• what does FSH mean and do

  follicle stimulating hormone-causes egg to mature
• what does LH mean and do

  luteinising hormone-stimulates the release of the egg from the ovary
• what does oestrogen do

  causes lining of uterus to thicken and stimulates the release of LH
• what does progesterone do

  causes lining of uterus to stay thick, stops menstration
• explain the pill

  -oral method of contraception containing oestrogen and progesterone

  -oestrogen when taken everyday inhibits the production of FSH

  -progesterone prevents sperm from reaching the egg
• what are the adv+disad of the pill

  adv-99% effective

  disad-side effects, may forget to take so not effective, can still get std
• explain the patch

  -patch thats stuck to skin and lasts one week

  -slow release of progesterone to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs
• what are the adv+disad of the patch

  adv-effective, can’t forget

  disad-side effects, can still get std
• explain the implant

  -inserted in arm under the skin

  -continuosly releases progesterone to stop maturation and release of egg, and makes it hard for sperm to swim
• what are the adv and disad of the implant

  adv-last for around 3 years

  disad-can still get std
• explain the contraception injection

  -injection of progesterone to stop maturation and release of egg
• what are the adv and disad of the injection

  adv-last 2 to 3 months

  disad-can still get std
• explain the IUD

  -intrauterine device, t shaped device inserted into the uterus

  -kills sperm and prevents implantation of fertilised egg

  -two types, plastic that release progesterone, copper which prevents sperm surviving in uterus
• what are non hormonal methods of contraception

  condoms and diaphragms
• explain condoms

  -worn over one is during intercourse to prevent sperm entering the vagina

  -are female ones that can be worn inside the vagina
• what are the adv+disad of condoms

  adv-only contraception that will prevent sti passing

  disad-not totally effective, may break
• explain a diaphragm

  -shallow plastic cup that fits over the cervix to form barrier, should be used with spermicide (disabled/kills sperm)

  -spermicide can be used alone but not as effective
• explain surgical methods of contraception

  vasectomy-cutting or tying sperm duct

  sterilisation-cutting or tying fallopian tubes
• what are the adv+disad of surgical methods of contraception

  adv-effective

  disad-irreversible, sti still possible, tiny chance of tubes rejoining