Autonomic nervous system

• What does the sympathetic nervous system prepare the body for?

  Fight or flight response
• What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

  Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• Who is the author of the lecture on the autonomic nervous system?

  1. Lucy Crompton
• What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  Rest and digest functions
• What is the enteric nervous system responsible for?

  Governing gastrointestinal tract functions
• What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  Increases heart rate and energy availability
• What anatomical differences are described between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

  Somatic is voluntary; autonomic is involuntary
• What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

  Regulates involuntary body functions
• What neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

  Noradrenaline
• What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

  Acetylcholine
• What physiological changes occur during sympathetic activation?

  Increased heart rate and bronchodilation
• What physiological changes occur during parasympathetic activation?

  Decreased heart rate and increased digestion
• What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

  Peripheral and central nervous systems
• How does the autonomic nervous system maintain homeostasis?

  By balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
• What are the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Decreases heart rate
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Increases digestion
  • Increases salivation
  • Promotes urination
• What are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

  • Increases heart rate
  • Bronchodilation
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Inhibits digestion
  • Inhibits salivation
• What is the role of the adrenal gland in the sympathetic nervous system?

  Releases adrenaline during stress responses
• What is the significance of the vagus nerve in the autonomic nervous system?

  It is a major component of the parasympathetic system
• What is the primary function of visceral sensory neurons?

  Monitor internal organ conditions
• What is the pathway for visceral sensory information?

  Sensory neurons to spinothalamic tract to thalamus
• What is alpha-amylase's role in the autonomic nervous system?

  Breaks down carbohydrates for energy
• What physiological outputs can be measured to assess ANS activity?

  Cardiac output and sweat production
• What is the role of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system?

  Integrates sensory input and regulates ANS output
• What is the difference between cholinergic and adrenergic signaling?

  Cholinergic uses acetylcholine; adrenergic uses noradrenaline
• What happens when an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to a receptor?

  It triggers a response in the target cell
• What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic nervous system?

  Releases adrenaline during emergencies
• What is the function of the sweat glands in the sympathetic nervous system?

  Increases sweat production during stress
• What are the learning outcomes of Part 2 of the lecture?

  Understand receptors and neurotransmitters in ANS
• What is the significance of the alpha-amylase biomarker?

  Indicates sympathetic nervous system activation
• What is the significance of the synapse in neurotransmission?

  It is where neurotransmitters are released and bind
• What is the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

  They often have opposing actions on organs
• How does the autonomic nervous system control visceral functions?

  By modulating smooth and cardiac muscle activity
• What is the primary focus of Part 2 of the lecture?

  Neurotransmission in the autonomic nervous system
• What is the role of sensory neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

  Monitor conditions in peripheral organs
• What is the primary function of the ANS?

  Maintains internal environment and involuntary functions
• What is the significance of the vagus nerve in the autonomic nervous system?

  It is a major component of the parasympathetic system
• What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system?

  Integrates sensory input and regulates ANS output
• What is the difference between cholinergic and adrenergic signaling?

  Cholinergic uses acetylcholine; adrenergic uses noradrenaline
• What is the significance of the synapse in neurotransmission?

  It is where neurotransmitters are released and bind
• What happens when an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to a receptor?

  It triggers a response in the target cell