Bone

• What is the term for the principal components of bone structure?

  Epiphysis
• What happens to the amount of cancellous bone as an animal ages?

  It decreases as the animal ages
• What is the relationship between the medullary cavity and cancellous bone in aging animals?

  Cancellous bone decreases, increasing the cavity size
• What is the role of osteocytes in bone maintenance?

  They maintain bone matrix
• What is the function of osteogenic cells?

  They are bone stem cells
• What is the primary function of cancellous bone?

  Support and protection
• How does the structure of cancellous bone contribute to its function?

  It provides strength with less weight
• What happens to the epiphysis when an animal reaches maturity?

  It completely ossifies
• What is the chemical composition of bone primarily made of?

  Calcium carbonate
• What is the significance of the term "ossification" in bone development?

  It refers to the process of bone formation
• What are the principal components of bone?

  Collagen, calcium, and phosphate
• What is the name of the snake-like structure in bone?

  Haversian canal
• What is the name of the structure that forms the outer layer of bone?

  Periosteum
• What is the name of the structure that forms the inner layer of bone?

  Endosteum
• What is the name of the structure that forms the growth plate in long bones?

  Epiphyseal plate
• Why does the amount of cancellous bone decrease as an animal gets older?

  The medullary cavity expands as the animal matures
• What happens to the epiphyseal plates when the animal reaches maturity?

  They close completely
• What is the name of the process where bone cells deposit calcium and phosphate to form new bone?

  Ossification
• What is the name of the bone cells that maintain the bone matrix?

  Osteocytes
• What is the name of the bone cells that break down and resorb bone?

  Osteoclasts
• What is the name of the bone cells that form new bone?

  Osteoblasts
• What is the name of the bone cells that are the precursors to osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

  Osteogenic cells
• What are the main functions of bone?

  • Support and protection of soft tissues
  • Movement through attachment of muscles
  • Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphate)
  • Blood cell production in the bone marrow
• What are the different types of bone cells and their functions?

  • Osteoblasts: Form new bone
  • Osteoclasts: Break down and resorb bone
  • Osteocytes: Maintain the bone matrix
  • Osteogenic cells: Precursors to osteoblasts and osteoclasts
• What is the process of bone growth and remodeling?

  • Osteoblasts deposit new bone
  • Osteoclasts break down old bone
  • Osteocytes maintain the bone matrix
  • Bone is continuously remodeled throughout life
• What is the name of the long bone structure that contains the medullary cavity?

  Diaphysis
• What is the name of the long bone structure that contains the growth plate?

  Epiphysis
• What is the name of the long bone structure that forms the outer layer of bone?

  Periosteum
• What is the name of the long bone structure that forms the inner layer of bone?

  Endosteum
• If you wanted to observe the detailed structure of bone, which type of microscope would you use?

  Scanning electron microscope
• How do the functions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes differ in the bone remodeling process?

  Osteoblasts form new bone, osteoclasts break down old bone, and osteocytes maintain the bone matrix