Interference

    Cards (31)

    • What is interference in the context of forgetting?
      Conflict between two pieces of information
    • How does interference explain forgetting in long-term memory?
      It prevents access to available memories
    • What are the two types of interference?
      • Proactive Interference
      • Retroactive Interference
    • What is proactive interference?
      Old memory interferes with new memory
    • What is retroactive interference?
      New memory interferes with old memory
    • Who conducted research on proactive interference?
      Keppel and Underwood
    • What method did Keppel and Underwood use in their study?
      Participants recalled meaningless three-letter trigrams
    • What did participants do to prevent rehearsal in Keppel and Underwood's study?
      Count backwards in threes
    • What did Keppel and Underwood conclude about proactive interference?
      Earlier consonants interfered with new ones
    • Who studied retroactive interference?
      McGeech and McDonald
    • What was the procedure in McGeech and McDonald's study?
      Participants learned a list of words
    • How many groups of participants were in McGeech and McDonald's study?
      Six groups
    • What types of lists did participants learn in McGeech and McDonald's study?
      1. Synonyms
      2. Antonyms
      3. Unrelated words
      4. Consonant syllables
      5. Three-digit numbers
      6. No new list (rest group)
    • What was the finding regarding recall performance in McGeech and McDonald's study?
      Recall depended on the similarity of lists
    • Which type of material produced the worst recall in McGeech and McDonald's study?
      Synonyms produced the worst recall
    • What does the study by McGeech and McDonald suggest about interference?
      Interference is strongest with similar memories
    • What type of experiments are used in the study of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
      Lab experiments
    • What is one strength of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
      Evidence from lab experiments supports it
    • What does McGeesh and McDonald's research show about interference?
      Both types of interference are common
    • Why is the control of irrelevant influences in lab experiments a strength?
      It increases confidence in interference explanations
    • What do lab experiments eliminate to support interference as an explanation for forgetting?
      Extraneous variables
    • What is one limitation of interference as an explanation for forgetting?
      Use of artificial materials in studies
    • What type of stimulus is often used in interference studies?
      Lists of words
    • Why are lists of words considered artificial materials?
      They differ from everyday memories
    • How does the use of artificial tasks affect interference in studies?
      It makes interference more likely in the lab
    • What is another strength of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
      Support from real-life studies
    • Who conducted a study on interference and forgetting in rugby players?
      Baddeley and Hitch
    • What did Baddeley and Hitch (1988) want to find out?
      If interference explains forgetting better than time
    • What did the rugby players have to remember in the study?
      The names of teams they played
    • What was the key finding regarding recall in the rugby study?
      Recall depended on matches played in between
    • Why is the rugby study a strength for interference explanations?
      It applies to some everyday situations