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Memory
Explanations for Forgetting
Interference
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Tiian
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Cards (31)
What is interference in the context of forgetting?
Conflict
between two pieces of information
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How does interference explain forgetting in long-term memory?
It prevents access to available memories
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What are the two types of interference?
Proactive Interference
Retroactive Interference
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What is proactive interference?
Old memory
interferes
with new memory
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What is retroactive interference?
New
memory interferes with
old
memory
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Who conducted research on proactive interference?
Keppel
and
Underwood
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What method did Keppel and Underwood use in their study?
Participants recalled meaningless
three-letter
trigrams
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What did participants do to prevent rehearsal in Keppel and Underwood's study?
Count backwards in
threes
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What did Keppel and Underwood conclude about proactive interference?
Earlier
consonants
interfered with new ones
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Who studied retroactive interference?
McGeech
and
McDonald
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What was the procedure in McGeech and McDonald's study?
Participants
learned a
list
of words
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How many groups of participants were in McGeech and McDonald's study?
Six
groups
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What types of lists did participants learn in McGeech and McDonald's study?
Synonyms
Antonyms
Unrelated words
Consonant syllables
Three-digit numbers
No new list (rest group)
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What was the finding regarding recall performance in McGeech and McDonald's study?
Recall depended on the
similarity
of lists
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Which type of material produced the worst recall in McGeech and McDonald's study?
Synonyms
produced the worst recall
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What does the study by McGeech and McDonald suggest about interference?
Interference is strongest with
similar
memories
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What type of experiments are used in the study of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
Lab experiments
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What is one strength of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
Evidence from
lab experiments
supports it
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What does McGeesh and McDonald's research show about interference?
Both
types of
interference
are
common
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Why is the control of irrelevant influences in lab experiments a strength?
It increases confidence in
interference
explanations
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What do lab experiments eliminate to support interference as an explanation for forgetting?
Extraneous variables
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What is one limitation of interference as an explanation for forgetting?
Use of
artificial
materials
in studies
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What type of stimulus is often used in interference studies?
Lists of
words
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Why are lists of words considered artificial materials?
They differ from
everyday memories
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How does the use of artificial tasks affect interference in studies?
It makes interference more likely in the
lab
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What is another strength of interference as an explanation of forgetting?
Support from real-life
studies
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Who conducted a study on interference and forgetting in rugby players?
Baddeley
and
Hitch
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What did Baddeley and Hitch (1988) want to find out?
If
interference
explains forgetting better than time
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What did the rugby players have to remember in the study?
The names of
teams
they played
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What was the key finding regarding recall in the rugby study?
Recall depended on
matches
played in between
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Why is the rugby study a strength for interference explanations?
It applies to some
everyday situations
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