Respiration

• What is aerobic respiration?

  An exothermic reaction releasing energy
• What does glucose react with in aerobic respiration?

  Oxygen
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
• What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?

  In the mitochondria
• Why do organisms require energy released by respiration?

  For synthesis of larger molecules
• What are the four reasons organisms need energy from respiration?

  Synthesis, muscle contraction, temperature, active transport
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  An exothermic reaction without oxygen
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose → lactic acid
• Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?

  Less energy is transferred from glucose
• How does anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue?

  Lactic acid builds up in muscles
• What is an oxygen debt?

  Oxygen needed to convert lactic acid
• What is fermentation?

  A type of anaerobic respiration in yeast
• What is the equation for fermentation?

  Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
• Why is the fermentation reaction important?

  Used in production of bread and alcohol
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  • Aerobic requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
  • Aerobic produces CO2 and water; anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol + CO2.
  • Aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy.
• How do muscles store glucose?

  As glycogen
• What changes occur when muscular activity increases?

  • Heart rate increases; arteries dilate.
  • Breathing rate increases; breathing is deeper.
  • Stored glycogen converts back into glucose.
• How is lactic acid transported away from muscles?

  Blood flow transports it to the liver
• What is metabolism?

  Sum of all reactions in a cell
• How do cells use energy from respiration?

  For enzyme-controlled processes and synthesis