Toxteth + Lympstone

• What are some natural characteristics of Toxteth?

  . Occupies undulating land

  . On the banks of the river Mersey

  . Has a stream running through
• During the industrial revolution, what happened to Liverpool?

  It emerged as a major port
• What happened as a result of the port growing?

  There was increased wealth, which changes the demography and the built environment
• What type of houses were built?

  Large Georgian houses were built followed in the Victorian area by more grand houses
• Who lived in the ‘Georgian quarter’ in Toxteth?

  Rich slave merchants and industrialists
• Why was Toxteth used for transatlantic slave trade in the 18th century?

  Because of its location on the west coast
• What changed within in the built environment of Toxteth in the early 19th century?

  It was an area for middle class to live as they could commute to the main city. At this point Toxteth was a greenfield site.
• What happened to the built environment of Toxteth with increased growth and industrialisation of Liverpool and the port?

  Residential areas grew hand in hand with industrial growth. Huge amounts of cheap terraced housing was built as accommodation for workers.
• What were the conditions like as the Toxteth residentIla area grew?

  It has poor living conditions as it was so densely packed. The crowded space can cause a faster transmission of diseases; for example cholera and typhoid
• What was the growth of Toxteth/ Liverpool related to?

  Globalisation
• Who was Toxteth established by?

  The saxons
• What did the Saxons use Toxteth for?

  As it was by a river, it was good for fishing
• What uses did the stream running through Toxteth provide?

  . It was used for farming

  . In the 16th century they dammed it and used it for water power
• What uses did the undulating land in Toxteth provide?

  It was a good location for hunting grounds as it was part woodland and part open area and was used by King John.
• What is the present-day demographic like in Toxteth?

  . Has ethnic diversity. Around 80% white and 20% not
• Why do people migrate to Toxteth?

  . It’s cheap

  . There are already established migrant communities within Toxteth

  . It’s attractive to migrants as Liverpool is a hub for economic activity
• How has the past affected the present day demographic?

  . People migrated during WW2 to help rebuild

  . Liverpools port function has created links with many countries, especially in the tropics

  . There was migration within the UK, the Irish migrated to Liverpool in the 1900s as a result of potato famine in Ireland
• What are indicators of what the socio-economic profile is like in Toxteth?

  . 9.4% have very bad health

  . 25% own their own homes - lower than average, shows lower wages

  . 45% own a car - lower than average, shows less disposable income

  . 40% with 5 A*-C GCSEs - lower than average, shows poorly funded schools
• What are the causes of the economic decline of Liverpool since 1930s?

  . Containerisation of goods means led dock workers are needed. This caused mass unemployment which also led to riots in the 1980’s

  . Increased trade with Europe; ports in Eastern UK are better located

  . Modern industries clustered in the south east of the UK and greenfield sites

  . Deindustrialisation
• What are the political characteristics of Toxteth?

  . Liverpool city council - 1/30 wards

  . Community groups

  . ’Merseyside development corporation’ central government funding in the 1980’s - it was a successful investment and it was aimed at the regeneration of the docks and its rebranding. E.g. Tate Liverpool
• How was Toxteth attempted to be made a better place?

  . Regeneration of dock area

  . Liverpool science park

  . Low carbon sector

  . Large wind farm in Liverpool bay

  . UNESCO world heritage site

  . Tate Liverpool
• What is the issue of the regeneration of Toxteth?

  Recruitment. Many residents don’t possess skills/qualifications
• Where is Lympstone located?

  East Devon. On tidal mudflats which extend into the river Exe estuary
• How was the location of Lympstone on the estuary useful in the early stages?

  . Trading port with cross channel links

  . Was used for ship building

  . Was used for fishing (especially shellfish)

  . Tourism came to Lympstone as ‘wealthy’ Victorians would vacate to be ‘by the sea’
• How did tourism in the mid 19th century affect the built environment?

  A lot of accommodations and facilities were built to meet the demand; for example cottages and pubs.
• When was the railway in Lympstone introduced?

  1861
• What uses did the railway bring?

  . Shellfish fishermen could sell the produce to a wider market

  . Residents could travel to Exeter more easily

  This is known as time-space compression
• What is the present day demographic like in Lympstone?

  It is ethnically homogeneous (99% white)
• Why is Lympstone ethnically homogenous?

  . Agriculture and tourism were main economic activities in the 60s/70s so there were few job opportunities for migrants

  . There are very few main urban centres in Devon which means there will be less migration

  . In Plymouth 92% of the population is white and there is a gap between rural and urban areas
• What is the percentage of people who have access to a car in Lympstone?

  88% which shows they have more disposable income
• What is the percentage of people who are owner-occupiers of homes in Lympstone?

  More than 65% which shows its a wealthy area
• What is the percentage of people who have 5 A*-C GCSE’s in Lympstone?

  78% which shows there are well funded schools and access to private tuition
• What percentage of the population are in skilled positions?

  45% with the UK average being 20%
• What is the percentage of people who are in managerial positions in Lympstone?

  30% with the UK average being 23%
• What is knowledge economy?


  Economy based on knowledge and information. For example, I.T, data analysis, telecommunication, finance Etc.
• How is the shift in national economy to services and growth in quaternary affected Lympstone?

  . The Met office has relocated to Lympstone. It was the largest shift of technology in Europe.

  . Exeter University has increased tertiary sector in Exeter. Lympstone acts as a dormitory settlement. Is a huge employer and generates money from students

  . Exeter science park which has provided around 3000 jobs
• What are the political characteristics of Lympstone?

  . There is a parish council with 11 elected members. They tend to local issues.

  . There is a district council

  . There is a county council, which tends to larger scale problems
• What is the built environment like in Lympstone?

  . Former low-order shops have closed and been converted to residence

  . Has been some new housing, especially on the periphery of the village