electricity

• What are the subtopics covered in the video?

  • Circuit symbols
  • Current
  • Resistance
  • Series and parallel circuits
  • Electricity in the home
  • The National Grid
• How many circuit symbols should you remember?

  12 circuit symbols
• What is a switch in a circuit?

  A device that can be open or closed
• What does a filament lamp represent in a circuit?

  A light bulb
• What is the function of a fuse in a circuit?

  To protect against excessive current
• What does LED stand for?

  Light Emitting Diode
• What is a variable resistor?

  A resistor with an arrow through it
• What is the unit for electric charge?

  Coulombs (C)
• What is the definition of current?

  The flow of electric charge
• What is the equation for charge?

  Q = It
• What are the units for current?

  Amperes (A)
• How can you visualize current flow in a circuit?

  As cars carrying people on a road
• What drives electrons through a circuit?

  Potential difference or voltage
• What does resistance mean in a circuit?

  Opposition to the flow of electrons
• What is Ohm's Law?

  V = IR
• What does the triangle for Ohm's Law represent?

  Relationship between voltage, current, and resistance
• What factors can affect resistance in a circuit?

  Component strength, wire length, and diameter
• How does a light-dependent resistor (LDR) work?

  Resistance decreases with higher light intensity
• What does a thermistor depend on?

  Temperature
• What happens to resistance as temperature increases in a thermistor?

  Resistance decreases
• What are the differences between series and parallel circuits?

  Series Circuit:

  • Single loop with all components
  • Total potential difference is the sum
  • Current is the same everywhere
  • Total resistance is the sum of resistances

  
  

  Parallel Circuit:

  • Split circuit with multiple paths
  • Potential difference is the same everywhere
  • Total current is the sum of currents
  • Total resistance is less than the smallest resistor
• What is the total potential difference in a series circuit with one 3V cell?

  3 volts everywhere in the circuit
• How does current behave at junctions in a parallel circuit?

  It splits based on resistance
• What happens to the total resistance when resistors are in parallel?

  It is less than the smallest resistor
• What are the colors of the wires in a plug?

  Blue, green/yellow, and red
• What is the function of the earth wire?

  To ground electricity for safety
• What is the equation for power?

  P = IV
• What does a step-up transformer do?

  Increases voltage in the wires
• Why is voltage increased in the National Grid?

  To reduce current and resistance
• What does a step-down transformer do?

  Reduces voltage to a safer level
• What is the average voltage delivered to homes?

  230 volts
• What are the processes involved in the National Grid?

  1. Step-up transformer increases voltage
  2. Electricity travels long distances
  3. Step-down transformer reduces voltage for safety
  4. Electricity delivered to homes for use
• What is the next topic after electricity?

  Particle model of matter