River discharge and flooding

• What is river discharge?

  Volume of river water flowing per second
• How is river discharge measured?

  In cumex
• What is a hydrograph?

  A graph showing river discharge over time
• What does peak discharge represent?

  Highest discharge in a given time period
• What is lag time in hydrology?

  Delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge
• What is the rising limb of a hydrograph?

  Increase in river discharge as rainwater flows in
• What is the falling limb of a hydrograph?

  Decrease in river discharge as it returns to normal
• What are the physical factors affecting flood risk?

  • Heavy rainfall
  • Geology (e.g., clay soils, granite)
  • Prolonged rainfall
  • Relief (steep-sided valleys)
• What are the human factors affecting flood risk?

  • Land use (impermeable materials)
  • Deforestation (reduces rainwater interception)
• How does heavy rainfall affect flood risk?

  Causes quick surface runoff, increasing discharge
• Why do clay soils increase runoff?

  They are impermeable, preventing infiltration
• What effect does prolonged rainfall have on soil?

  Saturates soil, preventing further infiltration
• How does relief influence flood risk?

  Steep valleys allow faster water flow to rivers
• How does land use contribute to flood risk?

  Buildings made from impermeable materials increase runoff
• What role do trees play in flood risk management?

  They intercept rainwater, reducing runoff
• What is the impact of deforestation on flooding?

  Leads to more flooding by increasing runoff
• How can you categorize factors affecting flood risk?

  Into physical and human factors
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• What social media platform is mentioned for following educational content?

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