Transpiration and translocation

• What is the process by which plants transport sugars?

  Translocation
• How do plants transport water?

  Through transpiration
• Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

  In the leaves
• What are phloem cells primarily responsible for?

  Transporting sugars
• What do phloem cells form when arranged end to end?

  Phloem tubes
• What is cell sap?

  A mixture of water and sugar
• What can sugars be used for once transported to cells?

  For energy or storage
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What are xylem tubes made of?

  Dead xylem cells
• What strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What is the role of xylem tubes?

  Transporting water and mineral ions
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is transpiration?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, airflow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Warmer temperatures increase evaporation rates
• How does airflow affect transpiration?

  High airflow increases the concentration gradient
• How does humidity affect transpiration?

  Higher humidity decreases the concentration gradient
• Why does transpiration occur continuously?

  There is always some evaporation from leaves
• What happens to transpiration at nighttime?

  Transpiration decreases due to closed stomata
• What is the relationship between stomata and transpiration?

  Open stomata allow for increased transpiration
• How does the concentration gradient affect water diffusion from leaves?

  A higher gradient increases the rate of diffusion
• What happens to the concentration gradient when airflow is high?

  The gradient remains high, increasing transpiration
• How does humidity affect the concentration gradient?

  Higher humidity decreases the concentration gradient
• What is the overall effect of high humidity on transpiration?

  It decreases the rate of transpiration