Controlling blood glucose

• What hormones control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What does blood glucose concentration refer to?

  The amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Why do we need a decent amount of sugar in our blood?

  To provide a constant supply of glucose for respiration
• What happens if blood glucose concentration gets too high?

  It can start to damage our tissues
• What occurs when a person eats a large meal with carbohydrates?

  Blood glucose concentration increases due to glucose absorption
• How does the pancreas respond to increased blood glucose levels?

  It releases insulin into the bloodstream
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  It tells cells to take in glucose from the blood
• Which cells are most important for glucose uptake?

  Liver and muscle cells
• What is glycogen?

  A long-term storage form of glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It decreases as glucose is taken up by cells
• What hormone is released when blood glucose levels drop too low?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

  It increases blood glucose concentration
• What does glucagon do in the liver when blood glucose is low?

  It breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

  They create a negative feedback loop
• How do insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?

  By regulating glucose uptake and release
• Why does blood glucose concentration fluctuate rather than remain constant?

  Due to continuous release of insulin and glucagon
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after a meal?

  It spikes due to glucose absorption
• How does the body respond to skipping a meal?

  It releases glucagon to raise glucose levels
• What is the effect of glucagon on liver cells?

  It prompts them to release glucose into the blood
• What is the main function of insulin?

  To lower blood glucose levels
• What is the main function of glucagon?

  To raise blood glucose levels
• What happens to glucose levels after insulin is released?

  They decrease as glucose is taken up
• What is the consequence of high blood glucose levels?

  It can damage tissues
• What is the consequence of low blood glucose levels?

  It can lead to insufficient energy for cells
• How do insulin and glucagon work together?

  They regulate blood glucose in opposite ways
• What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation?

  It secretes insulin and glucagon
• What is the effect of skipping breakfast on blood glucose levels?

  It can cause blood glucose to drop
• How does the body maintain blood glucose levels during physical activity?

  By releasing glucagon to increase glucose
• What is the significance of the negative feedback loop in glucose regulation?

  It helps maintain stable blood glucose levels
• What happens to glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

  They spike and then decrease with insulin
• What is the role of receptors in glucose regulation?

  They detect glucose levels and signal hormone release
• How does the body respond to high blood glucose levels?

  By releasing insulin to lower glucose
• What is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose levels after fasting?

  It raises blood glucose levels
• What is the effect of insulin on muscle cells?

  It promotes glucose uptake for energy
• What is the effect of insulin on liver cells?

  It encourages glycogen storage from glucose
• What happens to blood glucose levels during prolonged exercise?

  They may decrease due to glucose usage
• What is the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis?

  It stores and releases glucose as needed
• How does the body ensure glucose availability during fasting?

  By releasing glucagon to mobilize glycogen
• What is the impact of stress on blood glucose levels?

  It can increase blood glucose due to hormone release
• What is the significance of glucose for cellular respiration?

  It provides energy for cellular processes