Organic chemistry

• Draw cyclobutane (display and skeletal)


  (check answer)

  
• Draw ethanal


  (check answer)

  
• Draw pentanoic acid


  (check answer)

  
• Draw buta-1,3-diene


  (check answer)

  
• Draw pentane-1,5-dioic acid


  (check answer)

  
• Draw propane-1,3-diol


  (check answer)

  
• Draw propane-1,2,3-triol


  (check answer)

  
• Draw propanenitrile


  (check answer)

  
• Draw ethylamine


  (check answer)

  
• Draw butanal


  (check answer)

  
• Draw pentan-2-one


  (check answer)

  
• Draw pentan-3-ol


  (check answer)

  
• What is a structural isomer?


  A molecule with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
• What is a chain isomer?


  A structural isomer with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the carbon chain
• What is a position isomer?


  A structural isomer with the same molecular formula but a different position of the functional group
• What is a functional group isomer?


  A structural isomer with the same molecular formula but a different functional group
• What is the functional group isomer of a ketone?


  Aldehyde

  
• What is the functional group isomer of an alcohol?


  Ether (C-O-C)

  
• What is the functional group isomer of an alkene?


  Cyclic alkane
• What is the functional group isomer of a carboxylic acid?


  Ester

  
• What is the functional group isomer of an aldehyde?


  Ketone

  
• What is the functional group isomer of an ester?


  Carboxylic acid

  
• What is the functional group of an ether?


  Alcohol

  
• What is the functional group isomer of a cyclic alkane?


  Alkene

  
• What problems do NOx compounds cause? Write an equation


  Acid rain: 2NO + H2O + 1.5O2 --> 2HNO3

  Photochemical smog
• What problem does SO2 cause? Write an equation


  Acid rain: SO2 + H2O + 0.5O2 --> H2SO4
• How is SO2 formed?


  Sulphur impurities in fossil fuels react with oxygen during combustion
• How is NOx formed?


  Nitrogen and oxygen react at high temperature
• What type of cracking forms alkanes?


  Thermal cracking
• What products does catalytic cracking form?


  Motorfuels and aromatic hydrocarbons
• What is the mechanism for breaking C-C bonds in thermal cracking?


  Homolytic fission
• What is the mechanism for breaking the C-C in catalytic cracking?


  Heterolytic fission
• What catalyst is used in catalytic cracking?


  Zeolite
• What catalyst is used in a catalytic converter?


  Rhodium and platinum
• What are the conditions for catalytic cracking?


  Slight pressure (1-2atm), high temperature (500 degrees), a zeolite catalyst
• What are the conditions for thermal cracking?


  High temperature (1000 degrees) and high pressure (70atm)
• Why is it necessary to crack alkanes?


  To produce shorter, more useful, alkanes
• Why is a thin layer of catalyst metal deposited on a honeycomb ceramic material in the catalytic converter?


  It is a less expensive metal that increases the surface area
• What reaction is used in flute gas desulphurisation?


  Neutralisation
• What is the problem with C particulates and how is it formed?


  They can cause respiratory problems

  Incomplete combustion