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Module 2
Chapter 5: Electrons and bonding
Metallic Bonding & Structure
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Cards (26)
What is the structure of metals?
Giant lattice structures
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What are the components of a metallic lattice structure?
Metal cations
and
delocalised electrons
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What happens to the outer electrons of metal atoms in metallic bonding?
They become
delocalised
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What type of bonding occurs between metal cations and delocalised electrons?
Metallic bonding
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What type of force is metallic bonding?
Electrostatic
attractions
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What is the relationship between metallic bonds and the lattice structure of metals?
Metallic bonds
hold
the
metals
together
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How does the strength of metallic bonds relate to the melting point of a metal?
Stronger
bonds mean
higher
melting point
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What three main factors influence the strength of metallic bonds?
Number of
delocalised electrons
per atom
Charge of the
metal cation
Radius of the metal cation
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How does the number of delocalised electrons per atom affect metallic bond strength?
More
electrons lead to
stronger
bonds
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Why does a higher number of delocalised electrons lead to stronger metallic bonds?
Stronger
electrostatic attractions
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How does the charge of the metal cation affect metallic bond strength?
Higher
charge results in
stronger
bonds
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How does the radius of the metal cation affect metallic bond strength?
Smaller radius results in
stronger
bonds
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Why do smaller metal cations have stronger metallic bonds?
Higher
charge density
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How does cation size affect the delocalised electrons?
Electrons held closer to
nucleus
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What is the melting point of magnesium?
650°C
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What is the melting point of sodium?
98°C
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Why does magnesium have a higher melting point than sodium?
More
delocalised
electrons
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Why does magnesium have a higher melting point than sodium?
Higher
cation charge
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Why does magnesium have a higher melting point than sodium?
Smaller
cation size
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What charge does a magnesium cation have?
+2
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What charge does a sodium cation have?
+1
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What properties of metals result from their metallic bonding and lattice structure?
High
melting and boiling points
Good
conductors of electricity and heat
Malleable and ductile
Insoluble
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Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
Strong
electrostatic forces
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Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat?
Delocalised electrons
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What makes metals malleable and ductile?
Layers of
cations
can slide
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Why are metals insoluble?
Strength of
metallic bonding
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