Weekly quizzes

• TRUE OR FALSE

  There is a U-shaped relationship between memory performance and stress hormones

  FALSE

  On the contrary - the relationship has the shape of an inverted U (with increasing hormone levels, memory performance first goes up, then goes down, not the other way around)
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Corticosteroids improve memory (up to a certain extent)

  TRUE

  Indeed, they have been found to have similar effects to adrenaline
• TRUE OR FALSE

  An adrenaline antagonist mimics the effects of adrenaline on the nervous system

  FALSE

   on the contrary, it prevents adrenaline from having its usual effect
• TRUE OR FALSE

  The adrenal cortex responds to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland

  TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE

  The adrenal medulla responds to neural signals from the hypothalamus

  TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE

  The hypothalamus releases hormones

  TRUE

  It produces both neural signals and hormones - quite an unusual skill set!
• TRUE OR FALSE

  A "gonadotropin" is a hormone that stimulates the gonads (e.g., causes them to mature, to release hormones)

  TRUE

  a "tropin" is a hormone that stimulates or activates it's target structure - a gonadotropin causes the gonads o mature, an adrenocorticotropin activates the adrenal cortex, etc.
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Luteinizing Hormone is a gonadotropin that affects the ovaries

  TRUE

   LH and FSH are not sex specific - they both stimulate ovaries as well as testes
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Luteinizing Hormone is a gonadotropin that affects the testes

  TRUE

  LH and FSH are not sex specific - they both stimulate ovaries as well as testes
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Primates are bisexual (INHERENTLY, NOT JUST CAN HAVE THE POSSIBLILITY TO BE BISEXUAL)

  FALSE

  Of course homosexual behaviour in all primate species (at least I've not heard of one where that isn't the case), often in individuals who also engage in heterosexual behaviour. Hence, it seems safe to say that all primate species have the capacity for bisexuality and have bisexual individuals (i.e., individuals who regularly engage in both homo- and heterosexual activities)
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Bonobos are bisexual

  TRUE

  For bonobos, however, bisexuality is the norm: virtually every member of the species regularly engages in both homo- and heterosexual behaviour. Hence in this sense, bonobos (as a species) are bisexual, other primate species are not (even though they do have bisexual individuals).In other words, in this generic form, the statement is true for bonobos, but false for primates in general.
• TRUE OR FALSE

  Prolonged stress can keep the gonads in an 'immature' (not hormone-secreting) stage of development

  TRUE
• In order to provide an evolutionary benefit, a feature (i.e., a structure or behaviour) must...Select one or more:

  • increase the organism’s chances to reproduce successfully
  • increase the organism’s life-span
  • decrease the likelihood that the organism falls prey to predators
  • increase the chances of the organism’s offspring to reproduce successfully
  • increase the life-span of the organism’s offspring

  • increase the organism’s chances to reproduce successfully
  • increase the chances of the organism’s offspring to reproduce successfully
•   In order to be heritable (genetically passed down the generations), a feature (i.e., a structure or behaviour) must...

  Select one or more:

  • increase the individual’s reproductive success
  • increase the species’ reproductive success
  • not significantly decrease the individual’s reproductive success
  • be beneficial to both the parent and the offspring
  • none of the above

  None of the above
• How does autonomic arousal affect memory in humans?

  It improves memory for situational elements
• Why might improved memory of a dangerous situation be beneficial?

  It helps recognize signs of danger quickly
• What is a potential benefit of improved memory of a sexual partner?

  It aids bonding and caring for offspring
• How might improved memory of a sexual encounter be beneficial?

  It could improve learning of sexual behavior
• Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary benefit of improved memory due to autonomic arousal?

  None of the above
• What is the significance of improved memory in dangerous situations?

  It enhances survival by recognizing danger
• What role does improved memory play in sexual relationships?

  It fosters bonding and offspring care
• Which of the following statements is/are true?Select one or more:

  • Humans & bonobos = only animals to engage in non-reproductive sexual behaviour
  • Homosexual behaviour is common across the animal kingdom
  • Of all primates, humans & bonobos are the most likely to engage in sexual behaviour w/ clear non-reproductive intent
  • Human men= only M animals capable of successfully raising their young w/o help from a F
  • Human women= only F primates who regularly share child-rearing duties with other members of their group

  animal kingdom one and the the human and primates with non-reproductive sex
• Which of the following statements is/are true for both human and bonobo sexual behaviour?Select one or more:

  • Fs frequently engage in sexual behaviour outside their fertile periods
  • Many Ms enter life-long bonds w/ one specific sexual partner
  • M & F siblings often mate with each other
  • Most females and males regularly engage in both homosexual and heterosexual behaviour
  • Testosterone affects the sexual behaviour of both males and females

  • Females frequently engage in sexual behaviour outside their fertile periods
  • Testosterone affects the sexual behaviour of both males and females
• Which of the following statements is/are true?Select one or more:

  • Adrenaline is released by the pituitary gland
  • Adrenaline acts as a neuro-modulator on the brain
  • Oxytocin levels are lower in childhood than in early adulthood
  • Oxytocin reduces adrenaline production by inhibiting hypothalamic activity
  • Adrenaline reduces adrenaline production by inhibiting hypothalamic activity

  All apart from the first
• With reference to the figure above, which of the following labels which match the correct number is/are correct?

  1.Cerebral cortex

  2.Hypothalamus

  4. Luteinizing hormone5. Ovaries

  6. Adrenal gland

  A) 4= Luteinizing Hormone

  B) 5= Ovaries

  
• Which of the following is/are (an) example(s) of the activational effect of steroid hormones?Select one or more:

  • Learning to play the piano
  • Memorizing pictures in a psychological experiment
  • A woman flirting with a man
  • A female rat ‘flirting’ with a male
  • A female rat adopting the lordosis position

  • A female rat ‘flirting’ with a male
  • A female rat adopting the lordosis position
• Q9 Graph and long answer option question

  Y

  ou ran several experiments to study the effect of sympathetic arousal on memory, but unfortunately, you lost your lab book, so you no longer know which data set came out of which experiment. Here are data from one of the experiments:

  
• Which of the following would be true for a rat with complete androgen insensitivity disorder (AID)?Select one or more:

  • An XX individual would show female-typical sexual behaviour
  • An XX individual would show male-typical sexual behaviour
  • An XY individual would show female-typical sexual behaviour
  • An XY individual would show male-typical sexual behaviour
  • Neither XX nor XY individuals would show any sexual behaviour
  • An XX individual would show female-typical sexual behaviour