AO3

• What is a limitation of the Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis (MDH)?


  It uses correlational methodology
• What relationship does the MDH establish?

  Between frequency of separation and affectionless psychopathy
• Why are Bowlby's samples considered flawed?

  Due to their post-war experiences
• What is the consequence of the methodological limitation in MDH?

  It lowers the validity of the theory
• What type of data does the MDH rely on?

  Self-report and retrospective data
• How might self-reported data affect research results?

  It may introduce social desirability bias
• What bias might affect Bowlby's data collection?

  Researcher bias due to his expectations
• What does the limitation of self-reported data imply for conclusions?

  Conclusions may be limited and inaccurate
• What did Lewis find in his replication of the 44 thieves study?

  Prolonged separation did not predict criminality
• What do Lewis's findings suggest about Bowlby's theory?

  Other factors may affect outcomes instead
• What did Bowlby argue about psychological damage?

  It occurs if separation happens during the critical period
• What evidence contradicts Bowlby's critical period argument?

  Koluchova's study of twin boys
• What did Koluchova's study reveal about the twins?

  They recovered fully after loving care
• How does Bowlby's theory view the critical period?

  As a time for inevitable psychological damage
• What distinction did Rutter make regarding Bowlby's theory?

  Between deprivation and privation
• What is deprivation according to Rutter?

  The loss of the primary attachment
• What is privation according to Rutter?

  The failure to form any attachment
• What does Rutter argue about the long-term damage associated with deprivation?


  It is likely due to privation instead
• What are the methodological limitations of Bowlby's theory?

  • Relies on correlational methodology
  • Uses self-report and retrospective data
  • Data may be affected by biases
  • Findings may not be generalizable
• What are the implications of the counter-evidence against Bowlby's theory?

  • Suggests other factors influence outcomes
  • Challenges the inevitability of psychological damage
  • Indicates the need for a nuanced understanding of attachment
• What is the difference between deprivation and privation?

  • Deprivation: loss of primary attachment
  • Privation: failure to form any attachment
• What is a general limitation of a correlational study?

  It cannot predict causation
• What can a correlational study determine?

  Association between exposure and outcomes
• What did Bowlby find in the forty-four juvenile thieves study?

  Prolonged maternal separation affects juvenile delinquency
• How does prolonged maternal separation impact children according to Bowlby's study?

  It leads to emotional and social development issues
• What is the relationship between prolonged maternal separation and juvenile delinquency?

  Prolonged separation is a prominent factor in delinquency
• If a child is separated from their mother for an extended period, what issues might they face?

  Emotional and social development issues
• What type of study did Bowlby conduct to find his conclusions?

  Forty-four juvenile thieves study