W4 Social Learning and 9 Levels of Learning

• The Social Learning Theory was proposed by Albert Bandura.
• The primary emphasis of Social Learning theory is the power of the model to influence behavior and learning.
• Social learning theory is also called observational learning theory
• Social learning theory emphasizes learning takes place through the observation of others.
• The four elements of social learning theory are attention, retention, production, and motivation
• Vicarious learning is acquired from observing the consequences of other’s behavior
• Self-regulated learning occurs when individuals observe, assess and judge their own behavior against their own standards, and subsequently reward and punish themselves
• The four types of modeling are direct, symbolic, synthesized, and abstract modeling
• Direct modeling involves imitating in which the learner simply attempts to imitate the model’s behavior
• Symbolic modeling involves imitating behaviors displayed by characters in books, plays, movies, or television
• Synthesized modeling involves developing behaviors by combining portions of observed acts
• Abstract modeling involves inferring a system of rules by observing examples where rules are displayed
• Robert Gagne proposed the nine levels of learning
• Robert Gagne suggested that instruction can be represented as beginning with a phase of expectancy. He argued that learning has a hierarchical nature. He called this hierarchy the 9 levels or 9 events of learning.
• The nine levels of learning are gain attention, set out objectives, stimulate prior learning, present content, provide guidance, elicit performance, provide feedback, assess performance, and enhance retention.
• The nine levels of learning is divided into three stages which is engagement, delivery, and assessment
• Engagement in the nine levels of learning is composed of gaining attention, setting out of objectives, and stimulating prior learning.
• Delivery in the nine levels of learning is composed of presenting content, providing guidance, and eliciting performance.
• Assessment in the nine levels of learning is composed of providing feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention.
• Gain attention aims to capture the learners’ attention and engage them in the learning process.
• Set out objectives requires the learners to be aware of the specific learning objectives or goals they are expected to achieve.
• Stimulate prior learning activates learners’ prior knowledge to help them connect new information to existing mental frameworks.
• Presenting content involves presenting instructional content to the learners in a structured and organized manner. It should be logically sequenced, chunked into manageable units, and delivered using appropriate instructional strategies.
• Eliciting performance involves giving learners the opportunities to practice what they have learned. This active participation helps reinforce the newly acquired knowledge or skills and allows for feedback and correction if needed.
• Providing feedback involves learners receiving feedback on their performance, indicating whether they have achieved the desired learning outcomes.
• Assesing performance involves determining the extent to which they have achieved the learning objectives.
• Enhancing retention involves focusing on promoting long-term retention and transfer of the learned material to real-world contexts.