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• Who defined nursing as utilizing the environment for patient recovery in 1860?

  Florence Nightingale
• What does Florence Nightingale emphasize in her definition of nursing?

  Focus on hygiene, nutrition, and surroundings
• What is Virginia Henderson's definition of nursing from 1966?

  Assisting individuals in health and recovery
• What is the American Nurses Association's definition of nursing?

  Protection, promotion, and optimization of health
• What does the World Health Organization state about nursing?

  Nursing encompasses care for all ages and settings
• What are the key concepts of nursing?

  • Holistic Care: Addresses all patient needs
  • Patient-Centered Care: Empowers patients
  • Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Teamwork in healthcare
• What characterized ancient nursing practices?

  Care by family, midwives, and healers
• What was the primary source of care during the Medieval Period?

  Religious orders provided care
• Who is known as the founder of modern nursing?

  Florence Nightingale
• What significant reforms did Florence Nightingale implement during the Crimean War?

  Sanitation reforms in nursing
• What was established by Florence Nightingale in London?

  The Nightingale Training School for Nurses
• What type of healthcare was provided during the Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines?

  Traditional healing by babaylan and albularyo
• What role did religious groups play during the Spanish Era in the Philippines?

  Established hospitals for the sick and poor
• What was introduced during the American Era in the Philippines?

  Western nursing education
• What was the first nursing school in the Philippines?

  1. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing
• What significant nursing organization was developed in the Post-War Period?

  Philippine Nurses Association (PNA)
• What law was implemented in 1953 to regulate nursing practice in the Philippines?

  RA 877 (Philippine Nursing Law)
• What did the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 emphasize?

  Professional growth and international competitiveness
• What is a global trend in nursing practice?

  Use of electronic health records (EHRs)
• What is a specialized nursing role?

  Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists
• What is emphasized in community and preventive care in nursing?

  Promoting wellness and preventing disease
• What is a trend regarding Filipino nurses globally?

  They are among the largest exporters of nurses
• What issue arises from the global migration of Filipino nurses?

  Brain drain and nursing shortages locally
• What role do nurses play in the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act?

  Implementing primary health care services
• What expanded roles do nurses have in public health?

  Involvement in disaster response and health education
• What is a challenge faced by Filipino nurses?

  Staffing shortages due to migration
• What is a critical component of healthcare related to infection control?

  Preventing and managing the spread of infections
• What does the chain of infection illustrate?

  The process by which infections spread
• What are the six components of the chain of infection?

  Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
• What is a reservoir in the context of infection control?

  The environment where pathogens live
• What is a portal of exit?

  The route pathogens leave the reservoir
• What are the modes of transmission for pathogens?

  Direct contact, indirect contact, droplet, airborne
• Who are considered susceptible hosts?

  Individuals with weakened immunity
• What are infection control practices aimed at?

  Disrupting the chain of infection
• What is the first core component of standard precautions?

  Hand hygiene
• What does the DOH promote to reduce healthcare-associated infections?

  Hand Hygiene Awareness Campaign
• What does PPE include?

  Gloves, gowns, masks, goggles
• What is respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette?

  Covering mouth and nose during coughing
• What are safe injection practices?

  Use of single-use syringes
• What is the purpose of environmental cleaning and disinfection?

  Regular cleaning of patient areas