Wundt

• Who is considered the father of psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• What year did Wundt publish 'Principles of Physiological Psychology'?

  1873
• What was Wundt's aim in psychology?

  To describe human consciousness scientifically
• What method did Wundt use to investigate the human mind?

  Introspection
• What does the term 'introspection' mean?

  Looking into one's own cognitive processes
• How did Wundt ensure controlled procedures in his studies?

  By using standardised instructions for all participants
• What is a limitation of introspection according to the text?

  It relies on non-observable responses
• Why is introspective data considered subjective?

  It varies greatly from person to person
• What significant contribution did Wundt make to psychology?

  He published the first academic journal
• How is introspection still relevant today?

  It is used to access cognitive processes
• How did Griffiths (1994) use introspection in his study?

  Participants thought aloud while gambling
• What method did Wundt establish to make psychology a science?

  The scientific method
• What are the two major assumptions of Wundt's scientific approach?

  Behavior is caused and predictable
• What does 'falsifiability' refer to in the scientific method?

  The possibility that a hypothesis could be false
• What does 'objectivity' mean in psychological research?

  Measurement not affected by researcher expectations
• What is 'replicability' in the context of scientific research?

  Accurate recording of procedures for replication
• What are 'empirical methods' in psychology?

  Using observation/testing to gain knowledge
• What is a 'paradigm' in scientific research?

  A shared set of assumptions about a subject
• What does 'paradigm shift' refer to?

  Progress until a scientific revolution occurs
• What did early behaviorists reject?

  Introspection
• Why did Watson criticize introspection?

  It was subjective and personal
• What did Skinner contribute to psychology?

  Language and rigor of natural sciences
• How did the cognitive approach view the mind?

  As similar to a computer
• What technological advances did the biological approach utilize?

  Recording brain activity and genetic research
• Why can modern psychology claim to be scientific?

  Many approaches use controlled scientific methods
• What is a limitation of the humanistic approach?

  It does not formulate general laws of behavior
• What is experimental reductionism?

  Reducing complex behavior to a single variable
• What is the purpose of command words in exam questions?

  To guide the response expected
• What is the significance of subject-specific vocabulary in psychology?

  It enhances clarity and precision in communication