Comparing Approaches

• What does the Behaviourist Approach assume about learning?

  Learn from experiences
• What does the Psychodynamic Approach emphasize in behavior?

  Behaviour driven by early experiences
• What is the focus of the Cognitive Approach?

  Information processing systems in the mind
• What does the Biological Approach suggest controls behavior?

  Genetic make up controls behaviour
• What motivates people according to Humanism?

  People are motivated towards self-actualisation
• What does Social Learning Theory emphasize about learning?

  Learn from the experiences of others
• What are the views on development across different approaches?

  • Behaviourist Approach: Continuous
  • Psychodynamic Approach: Psychosexual stages
  • Cognitive Approach: Stage theories
  • Biological Approach: Maturation
  • Humanism: Development of self (continuous)
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Behaviourist Approach?


  Nurture
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Psychodynamic Approach?

  Nature
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Cognitive Approach?

  Nature / nurture
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Biological Approach?

  Nature
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of Humanism?

  Nurture
• What is the nature vs nurture stance of Social Learning Theory?

  Nurture
• How do different approaches view reductionism and holism?

  • Behaviourist Approach: Reductionist
  • Psychodynamic Approach: Reductionist
  • Cognitive Approach: Machine reductionist
  • Biological Approach: Reductionist
  • Humanism: Holistic
  • Social Learning Theory: Reductionist
• What type of determinism does the Behaviourist Approach follow?

  Environmental determinism
• What type of determinism does the Psychodynamic Approach follow?

  Psychic determinism
• What type of determinism does the Cognitive Approach follow?

  Soft determinism
• What type of determinism does the Biological Approach follow?

  Hard determinism
• What type of determinism does Humanism follow?

  Free will
• What type of determinism does Social Learning Theory follow?

  Reciprocal determinism
• How do different approaches explain abnormal behavior?

  • Behaviourist Approach: Maladaptive learning
  • Psychodynamic Approach: Defence mechanisms of unconscious conflict
  • Cognitive Approach: Faulty thinking
  • Biological Approach: Genes / chemicals
  • Humanism: Self concept vs ideal self
  • Social Learning Theory: Modelling
• What is the idiographic vs nomothetic stance of the Behaviourist Approach?

  Nomothetic
• What are the 7 approaches to psychology compared in the study material?

  Behaviourist, Psychodynamic, Cognitive, Biological, Humanistic, Social Learning Theory, Idiographic vs Nomothetic
• What are the key assumptions of the Behaviourist approach?

  Behaviour is learned from experiences, driven by environmental factors
• What are the key assumptions of the Psychodynamic approach?

  Behaviour is driven by early experiences and unconscious processes
• What are the key assumptions of the Cognitive approach?

  Behaviour is driven by information processing systems in the mind
• What are the key assumptions of the Biological approach?

  Genetic makeup controls behaviour
• What are the key assumptions of the Humanistic approach?

  People are motivated towards self-actualisation
• What are the key assumptions of the Social Learning Theory approach?

  Behaviour is learned from the experiences of others
• What are the key differences in views on development between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - continuous, Psychodynamic - psychosexual stages, Cognitive - stage theories, Biological - maturation, Humanistic - development of self, Social Learning - continuous, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences in views on nature vs nurture between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - nurture, Psychodynamic - nature, Cognitive - nature/nurture, Biological - nature, Humanistic - nurture, Social Learning - nurture, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences in views on reductionism vs holism between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - reductionist, Psychodynamic - reductionist, Cognitive - machine reductionist, Biological - reductionist, Humanistic - holistic, Social Learning - reductionist, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences in views on determinism vs free will between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - environmental determinism, Psychodynamic - psychic determinism, Cognitive - soft determinism, Biological - hard determinism, Humanistic - free will, Social Learning - reciprocal determinism, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences in views on explanation of abnormal behaviour between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - maladaptive learning, Psychodynamic - defence mechanisms of unconscious conflict, Cognitive - faulty thinking, Biological - genes/chemicals, Humanistic - self concept vs ideal self, Social Learning - modelling, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences in views on idiographic vs nomothetic between the 7 approaches?

  Behaviourist - nomothetic, Psychodynamic - idiographic, Cognitive - nomothetic, Biological - idiographic, Humanistic - nomothetic, Social Learning - idiographic, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
• What are the key differences between the 7 approaches to psychology?

  • Assumptions about human behaviour and development
  • Views on nature vs nurture
  • Reductionist vs holistic perspectives
  • Determinism vs free will
  • Explanations of abnormal behaviour
  • Idiographic vs nomothetic approaches
• How do the Behaviourist and Psychodynamic approaches differ in their views on development?

  Behaviourist sees development as continuous, while Psychodynamic sees it as occurring in psychosexual stages
• How do the Cognitive and Biological approaches differ in their views on nature vs nurture?

  Cognitive sees behaviour as influenced by both nature and nurture, while Biological sees it as primarily controlled by nature
• How do the Humanistic and Social Learning Theory approaches differ in their views on reductionism vs holism?

  Humanistic takes a holistic perspective, while Social Learning Theory is more reductionist
• How do the Behaviourist and Biological approaches differ in their views on determinism vs free will?

  Behaviourist sees behaviour as environmentally determined, while Biological sees it as biologically determined