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Paper 2
Approaches
Comparing Approaches
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Cards (52)
What does the Behaviourist Approach assume about learning?
Learn from
experiences
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What does the Psychodynamic Approach emphasize in behavior?
Behaviour
driven by early
experiences
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What is the focus of the Cognitive Approach?
Information processing
systems in the mind
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What does the Biological Approach suggest controls behavior?
Genetic
make up controls behaviour
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What motivates people according to Humanism?
People are motivated towards
self-actualisation
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What does Social Learning Theory emphasize about learning?
Learn from the
experiences
of others
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What are the views on development across different approaches?
Behaviourist Approach
: Continuous
Psychodynamic Approach
:
Psychosexual stages
Cognitive Approach
:
Stage theories
Biological Approach
:
Maturation
Humanism
: Development of self (
continuous
)
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of the
Behaviourist
Approach
?
Nurture
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Psychodynamic Approach?
Nature
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Cognitive Approach?
Nature /
nurture
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of the Biological Approach?
Nature
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of Humanism?
Nurture
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What is the nature vs nurture stance of Social Learning Theory?
Nurture
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How do different approaches view reductionism and holism?
Behaviourist
Approach: Reductionist
Psychodynamic
Approach: Reductionist
Cognitive
Approach:
Machine reductionist
Biological
Approach: Reductionist
Humanism
: Holistic
Social Learning Theory
: Reductionist
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What type of determinism does the Behaviourist Approach follow?
Environmental determinism
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What type of determinism does the Psychodynamic Approach follow?
Psychic determinism
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What type of determinism does the Cognitive Approach follow?
Soft determinism
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What type of determinism does the Biological Approach follow?
Hard determinism
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What type of determinism does Humanism follow?
Free will
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What type of determinism does Social Learning Theory follow?
Reciprocal
determinism
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How do different approaches explain abnormal behavior?
Behaviourist Approach
: Maladaptive learning
Psychodynamic Approach
: Defence mechanisms of unconscious conflict
Cognitive Approach
: Faulty thinking
Biological Approach
: Genes / chemicals
Humanism
:
Self concept
vs ideal self
Social Learning Theory:
Modelling
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What is the idiographic vs nomothetic stance of the Behaviourist Approach?
Nomothetic
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What are the 7 approaches to psychology compared in the study material?
Behaviourist
,
Psychodynamic
,
Cognitive
,
Biological
,
Humanistic
,
Social Learning Theory
,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
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What are the key assumptions of the Behaviourist approach?
Behaviour is learned from experiences, driven by
environmental
factors
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What are the key assumptions of the Psychodynamic approach?
Behaviour
is driven by early experiences and
unconscious processes
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What are the key assumptions of the Cognitive approach?
Behaviour
is driven by
information processing
systems in the mind
View source
What are the key assumptions of the Biological approach?
Genetic makeup controls
behaviour
View source
What are the key assumptions of the Humanistic approach?
People are motivated towards
self-actualisation
View source
What are the key assumptions of the Social Learning Theory approach?
Behaviour
is learned from the experiences of others
View source
What are the key differences in views on development between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
-
continuous
,
Psychodynamic
-
psychosexual
stages,
Cognitive
-
stage theories
,
Biological
-
maturation
,
Humanistic
-
development of self
,
Social Learning
- continuous,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
- mixed
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What are the key differences in views on nature vs nurture between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
- nurture,
Psychodynamic
- nature,
Cognitive
- nature/nurture,
Biological
- nature,
Humanistic
- nurture,
Social Learning
- nurture,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
- mixed
View source
What are the key differences in views on reductionism vs holism between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
-
reductionist
,
Psychodynamic
- reductionist,
Cognitive
- machine reductionist,
Biological
- reductionist,
Humanistic
-
holistic
,
Social Learning
- reductionist,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
- mixed
View source
What are the key differences in views on determinism vs free will between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
-
environmental
determinism,
Psychodynamic
-
psychic
determinism,
Cognitive
-
soft
determinism,
Biological
-
hard
determinism,
Humanistic
- free will,
Social Learning
-
reciprocal
determinism,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
-
mixed
View source
What are the key differences in views on explanation of abnormal behaviour between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
-
maladaptive
learning,
Psychodynamic
-
defence mechanisms
of
unconscious conflict
,
Cognitive
-
faulty thinking
,
Biological
-
genes
/
chemicals
,
Humanistic
-
self concept
vs
ideal self
,
Social Learning
-
modelling
,
Idiographic
vs
Nomothetic
- mixed
View source
What are the key differences in views on idiographic vs nomothetic between the 7 approaches?
Behaviourist
- nomothetic,
Psychodynamic
- idiographic,
Cognitive
- nomothetic,
Biological
- idiographic,
Humanistic
- nomothetic,
Social Learning
- idiographic, Idiographic vs Nomothetic - mixed
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What are the key differences between the 7 approaches to psychology?
Assumptions about
human behaviour
and development
Views on
nature vs nurture
Reductionist vs
holistic
perspectives
Determinism vs
free will
Explanations of
abnormal behaviour
Idiographic
vs
nomothetic
approaches
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How do the Behaviourist and Psychodynamic approaches differ in their views on development?
Behaviourist sees development as continuous, while Psychodynamic sees it as occurring in
psychosexual
stages
View source
How do the Cognitive and Biological approaches differ in their views on nature vs nurture?
Cognitive sees
behaviour
as influenced by both nature and nurture, while Biological sees it as primarily controlled by nature
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How do the Humanistic and Social Learning Theory approaches differ in their views on reductionism vs holism?
Humanistic takes a
holistic
perspective, while Social Learning Theory is more reductionist
View source
How do the Behaviourist and Biological approaches differ in their views on determinism vs free will?
Behaviourist sees behaviour as environmentally determined, while
Biological
sees it as biologically determined
View source
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