Secularisation

Cards (53)

  • What is the key debate in the sociology of beliefs in society?
    The extent of secularisation in society
  • How did Brian Wilson define secularisation?
    Loss of social significance of religion
  • What does the English Church Census data suggest about church attendance?
    Attendance dropped from 50% to 7.5%
  • What did Crockett refer to the 19th century as?
    A "golden age" of religion
  • What did Gill et al. use to show a decline in belief?
    Surveys
  • What prediction did Steve Bruce make about Methodism?
    It may cease to exist by 2030
  • Who discussed rationalisation and disenchantment in society?
    Max Weber
  • How did Weber describe the world in the Middle Ages?
    An enchanted garden with spirits
  • What did Weber argue began the processes of rationalisation?
    The Enlightenment period
  • What would people seek for explanations of illness according to Weber?
    A doctor instead of a priest
  • What did Weber see as a change in religious beliefs?
    From Catholicism to Protestantism
  • What concept did Peter Berger introduce regarding shared beliefs?
    No longer a shared sacred canopy
  • How does pluralism affect shared beliefs according to Berger?
    It undermines a unified belief system
  • What percentage of churchgoing young Christians believed Christianity was the one true religion in the 1920s?
    94%
  • What percentage believed the same by the late 1970s?
    41%
  • How did Steve Bruce expand on Weber's rationalisation concept?
    People developed a technological worldview
  • What do people assume after an airplane accident according to Bruce?
    Something technical went wrong
  • What has the state taken over from religion according to Parsons?
    Functions like education and health
  • What happens to religion as it becomes more private?
    It loses its social significance
  • What is the concept of secularisation from within?
    Religions becoming more secular themselves
  • What is one way some religions adapt to modernity?
    Ordination of women
  • What is the evidence that society is becoming more secular?
    No reliable measurement of church attendance
  • Why is church census data considered unreliable?
    It only shows attendance on specific days
  • How can prior knowledge of a census date affect church attendance data?
    It may boost attendance to appear favorable
  • What issue arises when religious organizations provide their own attendance data?
    They present data in a positive light
  • What tendency do people exhibit when completing questionnaires about church attendance?
    They often overstate their attendance
  • Who conducted research indicating significant overstating of church attendance in the US?
    Hadaway
  • What did Hadaway find regarding people who describe themselves as religious?
    Many lied about attending church
  • How does church attendance relate to religiosity?
    It does not necessarily correlate with religiosity
  • What factors influenced church attendance in the 1850s?
    Social interaction, status, and compulsion
  • What is Grace Davie's argument regarding religion today?
    People believe without belonging
  • What does Davie mean by "privatised" belief?
    Belief is maintained privately, not publicly
  • How do people practice religion vicariously according to Davie?
    Through professional religious figures
  • What traditional events do people still turn to religion for?
    Baptisms, weddings, and funerals
  • What concept did David Lyon introduce regarding religious beliefs?
    People can "pick and mix" beliefs
  • How does Lyon's idea of "pick and mix" beliefs manifest?
    It occurs outside traditional religious settings
  • What is Bruce's counter-argument to the idea of changing religious beliefs?
    Most people neither believe nor belong
  • What did Berger initially predict about secularization?
    Complete secularization of the world
  • What did Berger later argue about the state of religion globally?
    There has been significant desecularization
  • Why did Berger believe western academics misjudged global religiosity?
    They were blinded by their own atheism