Sports psychology

• What is anxiety?


  A state of nervousness and worry, a negative response to a threatening sporting situation
• What is personality?


  Is someones unique psychological makeup, derived from the Greek word 'persona
• What are the three personality theories?

  Trait theory Social learning approachInteractionist perspective
• What is a trait in trait theory?

  The theory that innate (genetic) characteristic of personality inherited by a child at birth and remains stable through life and produce consistent behavior
• How many sets of trait did Cattell have?

  16
• What are the two ideas surrounding trait theory?

  Behavior is thought to be consistent they are unique to a personSecondary traits inherited from parental genes
• What are the personality types?

  Extroversion (introvert/extrovert), neuroticism (stable/neo
• What are the limitations of trait theory?

  Doesn't take into account personality changes Is it viable that behavior remains consistent and be predicted Does not consider how experiences change our personality
• What is the core in the interactionist model?

  Stable traits and not likely to change
• If someones shows consistent traits this produces a...

  typical response
• What is the typical response in the interactionist model?

  Usual response a performer would make in a given situation
• What is the social learning approach?


  All behavior is learned from environmental experience and other people Theory that we model our behavior through 'observe, identify, reinforce and copy'We learn and observe behavior that is successful and reapply it
• What are the drawbacks to the social learning approach?

  No reasoning as to why we follow others Evidence supporting at home up bringing interacts with our traits
• Who proposed personality had three different features?

  Hollander/Martens
• What was LEWIN'S approach?

  Traits we are born with are adapted by the situations we are in
• What was Lewin's formula?

  Behavior = function of personality and the environment
• What were the three features of Hollanders model?

  The core (true personality)Typical response (how you usually respond)Role related behavior (behave how you are expected to)
• What is the interactionist perspective?

  Behavior occurs from the influence of inherited traits and learned experiences as well as genetics having influence
• How can Lewin's formula be applied in sport?


  Help to predict how certain players may react in certain situations
• What is role related behavior in the model?

  Changes to behavior which the situation demands or needs
• Why is a performers personality important to understand?

  If a personality is understood then it can ensure that team mates and coaches help to provide optimal conditions for their player to succeed in certain circumstances
• What is neuroticism?

  Feeling of extreme emotion (emotionally unstable)
• How is behavior thought to have changed due to the social learning approach?


  Personality is thought to have changed due to the situation which they are inShows how we may react based on a certain situation
• In trait theory how is the behavior thought to be consistent?

  As people have unique, inherited traits, these traits will surface consistently each time a specific situation arises They will be expected to act in a similar way each time it happens
• What is extroversion?

  Socially outgoing and confident personality
• How can the interactionist approach help to improve performance?

  Predict potential player behavior Identify specific situations which may cause this behavior Change player behavior by encouraging adaptations of behavior to certain situations
• What is the difference between trait theory and social learning approach?

  Trait theory suggests personality characteristics are innate whereas SLT suggests we learn characteristics
• What is cognitive dissonance theory?

  Where we put pressure on one or more of the CAB components which may cause the performer to become uneasy but more motivated to change existing attitudes
• What is socialization?


  The process by which humans learn the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations required of them by their society or culture (experiences)
• What is CAB (the triadic model)?

  Cognitive, affective and behavioral How we can change attitudes towards certain training courses so they better suit the performer
• How can positive attitudes towards sport and training me promoted?

  Give new information so that current actions are questioned (improve knowledge)Make activities more enjoyable/ game based to increase motivationUsing rewards as reinforcementUse of role models and specialists
• What is dissonance?


  Creating emotional conflict which causes a lack of harmony and uneasy feelings within a performer
• What is an attitude?


  An enduring positive or negative opinion of an object or event which can be associated with personality but it interchangeable
• What are the three components of the CAB model?

  Cognitive Affective Behavioural
• What does the cognitive part of CAB represent?

  What you think personally and your own beliefs
• What is the affective part of the CAB?

  Affective part the feelings or emotional response to sporting activities
• What is the behavioural part of the CAB?


  This reflects what you actually do during the sporting activity, shown my the activities of the performer
• What is attitude?


  The state of mind that lies behind your every action, this is unstable and can vary upon situations, associated with personality
• What us persuasive communication theory?

  The theory that players opinions and attitudes can be changed through various methods which involve motivational input
• How can player behavior be changed through communication theory?

  Communication must be relatable to the performer and in an easy to understand form Delivery of the information must be of high status such as a coach or role model Must be positive and the timing must be chosen to have the greatest impact on the performer