Sport and technology

• What is a research?

  A systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge
• What is sport analytics?

  The analysis of sports data using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures to try and improve results
• What is quantitative data?


  Data which can be written down or measure precisely and numerically
• What is qualitative data?


  Data which is descriptive and looks at the way people will think and feelIt is sometimes less precise and potentially less meaningful, it is often time consuming and difficult to analyse
• Give two examples of how gathering quantitative data could be used to improve a hypothesis?


  In sports psychology, the link between positive self talk and self paced skills is positive Compare relative effects of different environments and situations on performance and moods
• What are the uses of qualitative data ?

  Use of interviews and questionnaires to gain insight into performers SCAT tests Observations However lacks scientific rigour and is harder to use and compare 'Time consuming
• What is objective data?

  Fact based information which is measurable and useable (level achieved on multistage fitness test)
• What is subjective data?


  Data based on personal opinion which is less measurable and often less usable This may be emotions and beliefs, these are personal to the performer
• What is validity?

  Refers to the degree to which the data collected actually measures what it claims to measure
• What is reliability?

  Refers to the degree data collection is consistent and stable over timeIf repeated then similar results will be collected
• What is reliability in qualitative research?

  Same researcher placing results into the same categories on different occasions
• How is reliability of research in sport effected?

  Errors that occur when a researcher doesn't use technology or methodology correctly (body fat callipers)Poorly maintained equipment can also cause errors (weighing devices)
• What is video motion analysis?

  A technique used to get information about performance and moving objects through using video footage
• How do coaches use video motion analysis?


  Coaches will use DVD or live video analysis to analyse individual technique as well as team cohesion Bio mechanical aspects can also be recorded, this can help both injury prevention as well as performance Analyse technique as tactical strategies (angle of a shot) This can occur in a lab setting or live in training
• What are the two parts to motion analysis?

  Notational match analysis Biomechanics
• What is notational match analysis?


  Used to record aspects of tactics and team performance
• What is biomechanics?

  Used to analyse sporting impact of body movements
• What is performance analysis?


  Provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to implement a positive change to their performance Ie the number of passes that can be made or the shots on target
• What do notational analysis and bio mechanics have in common?

  Measured observation is used during or after an event in order to quantify performance
• Give examples of sports analysis software?


  Dartfish Prozone
• What could be looked at in terms of data analysis to better performance (not the performer)?


  Look at opponent statistics In order to develop a game plan to counter this
• What is indirect calorimetry?


  The measurement of the amount of heat energy generated in an oxidation reaction by determining the consumption of oxygen or the amount of co2 released, transferring these to the heat equivalent
• What is the metabolic cart?

  A device which works by attaching head gear to a subject while they breathe a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time
• What is calorimetry?

  Measurement of heat or energy eliminated or stored in any system
• What is REE?


  Resting energy expenditure represents the amount of calories requiredfor a 24-hour period by the body during a non-active period
• What factors can influence the REE?


  Weight to height ratioAge Gender Chemistry in response to drugs
• How is indirect calorimetry and the metabolic cart beneficial to an athlete?

  To determine their energy requirements and response to nutrition over time Calculate energy expenditure which allows determination of nutritional requirements for people who may be obese Medical staff can help determine patients caloric needs
• What factors effect the reliability of using indirect calorimetry?

  LOSE Leakage, Overfeeding, single snapshot not good, errors in measurements occur Inaccuracy from air leaks Inaccuracies from measurements Difficult to use on children Over feeding or under feeding may occur Measure consumption and not needs
• What is software and hardware?

  Any machine readable instructions which direct a computers processor to perform specific operations Computer hardware is the physical component of computers
• What is GPS?

  Global Positioning System. A system that determines one's exact location on Earth. A space masked navigation system that provides location and time information
• What are the advantages of GPS systems?


  Monitor players during matches and training Track the speed distance and time of an individual Monitoring success rates such as G forces in a rugby tackle Gauge performer fatigue level Monitors measures speed Be used to measure heart rate pace and recovery time
• How many performers benefit from GPS?

  Make better use of training and meeting demands of games Improves tactical analysis undertaken Helps compare player performance Help injured players successfully move through rehab Help non elite athletes achieve goals
• What is data integrity?

  Maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over its entire lifetime
• What is data integrity using sports analytics?


  Refers to the validity of data as in its relevance and meaningfulness
• How can data integrity be compromised?

  Human error when data is entered Errors occur when data is transmitted from one computer to another Software bugs Hardware malfunction
• How can data integrity compromisedation be limited?

  Regularly backing up data Controlling access of data to specific people Design interfaces which prevent input of valid data Using error detection and correction software Not having a computer unattended for someone's access
• What are the ao1 points for GPS?

  GPS is a type of technology that athletes can wear to track their movements. It can be used in sport to collect information such as speed and distances travelled. GPS equipment is portable, has the potential to provide real-time data and is reasonably accurate.Different types of data include quantitative and qualitative.When collecting data validity and reliability should be considered. Reliability refers to whether if repeated; the same results would be produced
• Give an example of how technology has advanced equipment?

  Tennis, badminton racket - use of lighter materials Carbon fibre bikes - lighter materials more streamlinedHeart rate monitors moire accessible and developing fitness Improved accessibility for disabled, wheelchair carbond fibre, lighter, more agile Protection for feet on wheelchair
• Give an example of how technology has advanced facilities?

  Retractable roves for all weather conditions 4g pitch's for better management of weather conditions Surfaces have changed to be cheaper and more retainable Safety matts in gymanstics prevent injury Larger capacity stadium for spectators
• Give an example of how technology has advanced nutrition and recovery?

  Diet plans Protein supplements Creatine Calorie counter Improving recovery rate through therapy, oxygen tent, ice baths