Role of Adrenaline

• How is the fight or flight response similar to a car's reaction?

  Like a car accelerating quickly to escape
• How does the fight or flight response prepare the body?

  Increases heart rate, alertness, and strength
• When is adrenaline released in the body?

  During the fight or flight response
• What triggers the fight or flight response?

  A cascade of hormones, including adrenaline
• What are the two possible reactions in the fight or flight response?

  Fight the threat or run away
• Where is the adrenal gland located?

  Near each kidney
• What is adrenaline?

  A key hormone
• When is adrenaline released?

  When the brain activates the fight or flight response
• What effect does adrenaline have on alertness?

  It increases alertness
• Why does the body release adrenaline?

  To react quickly in dangerous situations
• What type of cells in the adrenal medulla synthesize adrenaline?

  Chromaffin cells
• What is the fight or flight response?

  Body's reaction to stressful situations
• What are the key characteristics of the adrenal medulla?

  • Innermost portion of adrenal gland
  • Contains chromaffin cells that synthesize adrenaline
  • Sits directly above kidneys
  • Stimulated by nerve impulses during stress
• What stimulates the adrenal medulla during stress?

  Nerve impulses
• What are the two main parts of the adrenal gland?

  Outer cortex and inner adrenal medulla
• What does adrenaline do in the body?

  It acts like a turbocharger, increasing alertness and providing extra energy
• What response does adrenaline activate in the body?

  Fight or flight response
• What are the physiological effects of adrenaline on the body?

  • Dilated pupils
  • Increased heart rate
  • Relaxed airways
  • Reduced digestive activity
  • Decreased bladder control
• What hormone does the adrenal medulla produce?

  Adrenaline (epinephrine)
• What effect does adrenaline have on heart rate?

  It increases heart rate
• What effect does adrenaline have on the parasympathetic system?

  It inhibits the parasympathetic system
• What pathway is triggered when epinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors?

  It triggers the cAMP pathway
• What is the overall effect of adrenaline on the cardiovascular system?

  Increases heart rate and improves blood flow
• What is the overall effect of the fight or flight response on the body?

  • Prepares the body for immediate action
  • Enhances physical performance
  • Increases alertness and focus
• What is the result of adrenaline's impact on cardiac output?

  It improves cardiac output
• How does adrenaline prepare the body for action?

  By activating the sympathetic nervous system
• How does adrenaline enhance heart contractions?

  • Binds to beta-adrenergic receptors
  • Activates the cAMP pathway
  • Speeds up heart contractions
• What are the effects of adrenaline on skeletal muscle blood vessels and other areas?

  • Skeletal muscle blood vessels dilate
  • Blood vessels in other areas constrict
• How does adrenaline affect blood vessels?

  It causes dilation in skeletal muscle blood vessels
• What effect does adrenaline have on bronchioles?

  It causes bronchioles to dilate
• How does adrenaline influence breathing rate?

  It increases both breathing rate and depth
• What are the physiological effects of adrenaline on respiratory function?

  • Dilation of bronchioles
  • Increased breathing rate
  • Increased breathing depth
  • Enhanced oxygen intake during stress
• Why is adrenaline's effect on respiration vital during physical activities?

  It ensures the body receives more oxygen
• How does adrenaline affect heart rate?

  It increases heart rate to deliver oxygen
• What is the primary role of adrenaline in the body?

  Preparing the body for action
• Why does adrenaline enhance alertness?

  To focus on the threat effectively
• What effect does adrenaline have on muscle strength?

  It boosts muscle strength for action
• How does adrenaline improve breathing during a threat?

  By dilating bronchioles to enhance airflow
• What is the overall purpose of adrenaline's effects during danger?

  To ensure effective reaction to danger
• What are the combined effects of adrenaline during a threat?

  • Increases heart rate
  • Enhances alertness
  • Boosts muscle strength
  • Dilates bronchioles