Properties of Ionic Bonds

• What is the charge of a negative ion?

  Negative
• What are the characteristics of metals and nonmetals in ionic bonding?

  • Metals:
  • Lose electrons
  • Become positive ions
  • Nonmetals:
  • Gain electrons
  • Become negative ions
• What happens to a metal atom during ionic bonding?

  It loses electrons to become a positive ion
• What type of bond forms when a metal atom loses electrons?

  Ionic bond
• What is a cation?

  A positive ion formed when a metal loses electrons
• What are the three main components of an ionic molecule?

  • Cation (positively charged ion)
  • Anion (negatively charged ion)
  • Ionic bond between cation and anion
• How do cations and anions differ in terms of electron behavior?

  • Cations:
  • Lose electrons
  • Anions:
  • Gain electrons
• What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

  Positive
• What is the purpose of electron transfer in the context of sodium and chlorine?

  To balance charges and create stability
• What is an anion?

  A negative ion formed when a nonmetal gains electrons
• What is the direction of electron transfer in the formation of an ionic bond?

  From atom 1 (metal) to atom 2 (nonmetal)
• What are the key differences between the ionic bond formation in atom 1 (metal) and atom 2 (nonmetal)?

  • Atom 1 (metal) loses electrons to become a cation
  • Atom 2 (nonmetal) gains electrons to become an anion
  • The ionic bond forms between the oppositely charged ions
• How does the attraction between positive and negative charges affect ion behavior?

  It holds ions together strongly
• Why is the force between ions strong?

  Due to powerful attraction of opposite charges
• What causes electrostatic attraction between ions?

  Opposite charges attract each other
• What type of ions are involved in electrostatic attraction?

  Opposite charged ions
• What are the key differences between cations and anions?

  • Cations:
  • Positive ions
  • Formed by losing electrons
  • Anions:
  • Negative ions
  • Formed by gaining electrons
• What is the arrangement of ions in a lattice structure?

  They arrange in a repeating lattice pattern
• What holds ions together after electron transfer?

  Electrostatic attraction
• What is the significance of the repeating pattern in ionic compounds?

  It creates a stable solid ionic compound
• How many nearest neighbors surround each ion in a lattice structure?

  Six nearest neighbors
• How does the ionic bond formation differ from covalent bond formation?

  • Ionic bonds form from complete electron transfer
  • Covalent bonds form from electron sharing between atoms
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  Strong electrostatic forces require much energy to break
• What is the coordination number in a lattice structure?

  6
• What are the key properties of ionic compounds?

  High melting and boiling points, brittleness, conductivity, solubility
• How does the structure of ionic compounds affect their properties?

  The ionic lattice structure leads to high melting points
• What happens to ionic compounds when stress is applied?

  They shatter due to misaligned charges
• What type of arrangement do the ions have in a lattice structure?

  Octahedral arrangement
• Why is the sodium chloride crystal structure known as "cubic close-packed"?

  Because the atoms are arranged in a cubic lattice with each atom having six nearest neighbors
• What do nonmetals prefer to do in ionic bonding?

  Gain electrons to become negative ions
• What is the charge of a positive ion?

  Positive
• How many nearest neighbors does each atom have in the sodium chloride crystal structure?

  • Each atom has six nearest neighbors with octahedral geometry.
• What is the name of the type of bond shown in the image?

  Ionic bond