LAB 5

• Parallel muscle are fascicles parallel to the longitudinal axis and terminate in flat tendons. Ex is sternohyoid
• Fusiform are fascicles that are early parallel to the longitudinal axis with a belly in the middle that narrows toward the tendons. Ex is biceps brachii
• Circular are fascicles arranged concentrically. Ex is orbicularis oculi
• Triangular are fascicles that converge from a broad origin to a narrow insertion. Ex is trapezius
• Unipennate are fascicles that all attach to the same side of a tendon. Ex is extensor digitorium longus
• Bipennate are fascicles that attach on both sides of a central tendon. Ex is rectus femoris
• Multipennate are fascicles that attach obliquely to tendons in various directions. Ex is deltoid
• Agonist muscles are the ones contracting
• Antagonist muscles are the ones relaxing/lengthening
• PECTORALIS MAJOR

  A: Adduction of arm; medial rotation of arm; flexion of arm; tension of arm (from flexed position)

  O: Clavicle (medial); sternum, costal cartilages 1-6; aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle

  I: Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

  *Muscle Group: Muscles Crossing Shoulder Joint
• LATISSIMUS DORSI

  A: Adduction of arm; medial rotation of arm; extension of arm

  O: Sacral and lumbar spines; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia; ribs 9-12; spinous process of T6-T12 vertebrae; scapula (inferior angle)

  I: Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

  *Muscle Group: Muscles Crossing Shoulder Joint
• DELTOID

  A: Flexion and medial rotation of arm; abduction of arm; extension and lateral rotation of arm

  O: Clavicle (lateral 1/3); scapula (acromion and spine)

  I: Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

  *Muscle Group: Muscles Crossing Shoulder Joint
• TRAPEZIUS

  A: Elevation, adduction, depression and superior rotation of scapula

  O: occipital bone (superior nuchal line); spinous process of C7 and T1-T12 vertebrae

  I: Clavicle (lateral); scapula (spine and acromion)

  *Muscle Group: Posterior Thorax
• PECTORALIS

  A: Stabilize, abducts and laterally rotates scapula

  O: Ribs 3-5

  I: Scapula (coracoid process)

  *Muscle Group: Anterior Thorax
• External Oblique

  A: Rotation and flexion of trunk; compression of abdominal wall and viscera

  O: Ribs and costal cartilages 5-12

  I: Linea alba; iliac crest

  *Muscle Group: Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Wall
• Internal Oblique

  A: Rotation and flexion of trunk; compression of abdominal wall and viscera

  O: Inguinal ligament; iliac crest; thoracolumbar fascia

  I: Linea alba; costa cartilages 7-10

  *Muscle Group: Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Wall
• Transverse Abdominus

  A: compression of abdominal wall and viscera

  O: Iliac crest; inguinal ligament; thoracolumbar fascia; costal cartilages 7-12

  I: Pubis; linea alba; xiphoid process of sternum

  *Muscle Group: Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Wall
• BRACHIORADIALIS

  A: Flexion of forearm; pronation of forearm (when supinated); supination of forearm (when pronated)

  O: Humerus (lateral distal shaft)

  I: Radius (styloid process)

  **Muscle group: Anterior forearm
• PRONATOR TERES

  A: Pronation of forearm

  O: Humerus (medial epicondyle); ulna (coronoid process)

  I: Radius (lateral mid-shaft)

  **Muscle group: Anterior Superficial Forearm
• Flexor Carpi Radialis

  A: Flexion of wrist; abduction of forearm

  O: Humerus (medial epicondyle)

  I: Metacarpals II and III (base)

  **Muscle group: Anterior Superficial Forearm
• Palmaris Longus

  A: Flexion of wrist (weak); tense palmar aponeurosis

  O: Humerus (medial epicondyle)

  I: Palmar aponeurosis

  **Muscle group: Anterior Superficial Forearm
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

  A: Flexion of wrist; adduction of hand

  O: Humerus (medial epicondyle); ulna (olecranon and posterior border of ulna)

  I: Pisiform and hamate carpal bones; metacarpal V (base)

  **Muscle group: Anterior Superficial Forearm
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

  A: extension of wrist; abduction of hand

  O: Humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge)

  I: Metacarpal II (base)

  **Muscle group: Posterior Superficial Forearm
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

  A: extension of wrist; abduction of hand

  O: Humerus (lateral epicondyle)

  I: Metacarpal III (base)

  **Muscle group: Posterior Superficial Forearm
• Extensor Digitorium

  A: extension of fingers 2-5; extension of wrist

  O: Humerus (lateral epicondyle)

  I: Medial and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

  **Muscle group: Posterior Superficial Forearm
• Extensor Carpi ulnaris

  A: extension of wrist; adduction of hand

  O: Humerus (lateral epicondyle); ulna (posterior shaft)

  I: Metacarpal V (base)

  **Muscle group: Posterior Superficial Forearm
• Flexor Pollicis Longus

  A: Flexion of thumb

  O: radius (anterior mid-shaft); interosseous membrane; ulna (coronoid process)

  I: Distal phalanx of thumb

  **Muscle group: Anterior Deep Forearm
• Flexor Digitorium Profundus

  A: Flexion of fingers 2-5; flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints

  O: ulna (proximal anterior shaft); interosseous membrane

  I: Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

  **Muscle group: Anterior Deep Forearm
• Abductor Pollicis longus

  A: Abduction and extension of thumb

  O: Radius and ulna (both proximal posterior); interosseous membrane

  I: Metacarpal I (base)

  **Muscle group: Posterior Deep Forearm
• Extensor Pollicis Longus

  A: extension of thumb

  O: Ulna (posterior mid-shaft); interosseous membrane

  I: Distal phalanx of thumb

  **Muscle group: Posterior Deep Forearm
• Supinator

  A: Supination of forearm

  O: Ulna (posterior proximal shaft); lateral epicondyle of humerus

  I: Radius (lateral proximal shaft)

  **Muscle group: Posterior Deep Forearm
• Abductor Pollicis brevis

  A: Abduction of thumb

  O: Scaphoid, trapezium; flexor retinaculum

  I: Proximal phalanx of thumb (lateral side)

  **Muscle group: Thenar of thumb
• Flexor Pollicis Brevis

  A: Flexion of thumb

  O: Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate; flexor retinaculum

  I: Proximal phalanx of thumb (lateral side)

  **Muscle group: Thenar of thumb
• Opponens Pollicis

  A: Opposition of thumb

  O: Trapezium; flexor retinaculum

  I: Metacarpal I (shaft)

  **Muscle group: Thenar of thumb
• Adductor Pollicis

  A: Adduction of thumb

  O: Capitate; metacarpals II-III

  I: Proximal phalanx of thumb

  **Muscle group: Thenar of thumb
• Opponens Digiti Minimi

  A: Opposition of little finger

  O: Hamate; flexor retinaculum

  I: metacarpal V (shaft)

  **Muscle group: Hypothenar of thumb
• Lumbricals of the hand

  A: Flexion of fingers at matacarpophalangeal joints extension of fingers at interphalangeal joints

  O: tendons of flexor digitorium profundus

  I: proximal phalanx of fingers 2-5 vis extensor expansions of fingers 2-5

  **Muscle group: Midpalmar
• Palmar interossei of the hand

  A: Adducts fingers 2-5; flexion of fingers 2-5 at MP joints; extension of fingers 2-5 at IP joints

  O: metacarpals II-V (palmar surfaces)

  I: extension expansion of fingers 2-5; proximal phalanges of fibers 2-5 (bases)

  **Muscle group: Midpalmar
• Dorsal interossei of the hand

  A: Abducts fingers 2-5; flexion of fingers 2-5 at MP joints; extension of fingers 2-5 at IP joints

  O: metacarpals I-V (each attaches to adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals)

  I: extensor expansion of fingers 2-4; proximal phalanges of fingers 2-4 (bases)

  **Muscle group: Midpalmar