Physiological Changes

• What is the fight or flight response?

  Body's automatic reaction to danger
• What are the two possible reactions in the fight or flight response?

  Fight the threat or flee from it
• What is the control center for the sympathetic nervous system?

  Hypothalamus
• What physiological changes occur during the fight or flight response?

  Changes in heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension
• What triggers the fight or flight response?

  Threat or danger
• Why does the body undergo changes during the fight or flight response?

  To provide energy needed for quick reactions
• What does CRF stand for in the context of the sympathetic nervous system?

  Corticotropin-releasing factor
• What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla during sympathetic activation?

  Norepinephrine and epinephrine
• Which part of the nervous system is involved in the fight or flight response?

  Sympathetic nervous system
• How does the hypothalamus activate the sympathetic nervous system?

  Through a chain reaction
• What is the role of the sympathetic pathway in the adrenal medulla activation?

  It triggers the release of adrenaline
• What happens to the pupil during fight or flight?

  The pupil dilates
• What physiological response occurs during fight or flight?

  Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• How does the activation of the adrenal medulla affect the body?

  It prepares the body for 'fight or flight'
• What part of the brain activates the sympathetic pathway?

  Hypothalamus
• What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

  Release adrenaline and noradrenaline
• What happens to blood flow during fight or flight?

  It redistributes to working muscles
• What is the effect of pupil dilation on vision?

  It increases the field of vision
• How does pupil dilation help in detecting danger?

  It allows seeing more detail in potential danger
• What hormone increases respiration rate during fight or flight?

  Adrenaline
• What system controls the shift in blood flow during exercise?

  The sympathetic nervous system
• What role does adrenaline play during fight or flight?

  It causes heart rate and blood pressure to rise
• How does increased heart rate benefit the body during fight or flight?

  It provides more oxygen to muscles
• What is the purpose of increased respiration during fight or flight?

  To provide more oxygen to muscles
• What happens to blood flow in the digestive tract during fight or flight?

  It decreases
• What happens to heart rate and blood pressure during fight or flight response?

  • Heart rate rises
  • Blood pressure increases
  • More oxygen delivered to muscles
  • Enables quick and powerful actions
• How does adrenaline affect breathing during fight or flight?

  It makes breathing faster
• Why does the sympathetic nervous system suppress digestion?

  To redirect energy to muscles
• What is the physiological response of the pupil during fight or flight?

  • Pupil dilates
  • More light reaches the retina
  • Increases field of vision
  • Enhances detail perception in danger
• What does increased oxygen supply to muscles provide?

  Energy to fight or flee
• Why is blood flow redirected to muscles during heavy exercise?

  To ensure maximum oxygen for rapid action
• What is the overall effect of the sympathetic nervous system activation during fight or flight?

  • Powerful combination of neural and hormonal effects
  • Prepares the body for rapid response
• What effect does fight or flight have on muscle tension?

  Muscle tension increases
• What cognitive function is improved by the fight or flight response?

  Focused attention
• Why does the pupil dilate during fight or flight?

  To allow more light to reach the retina
• How does adrenaline affect the mind in a threatening situation?

  It sharpens concentration and mental processes
• What is another cognitive function enhanced by the fight or flight response?

  Faster decision-making
• How does faster decision-making benefit an individual in a threatening situation?

  It allows for quick reactions to danger
• What hormone facilitates the cognitive enhancements during the fight or flight response?

  Adrenaline
• What system suppresses digestion during fight or flight?

  Sympathetic nervous system