Transcription

• RNA polymerase is DNA dependent.
• RNA polymerase reads the DNA template in the 3' to 5' direction.
• RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase in the 5' to 3' direction.
• Bacterial DNA has 1 RNA polymerase. Eukaryotic DNA has 3 RNA polymerases.
• A consensus sequence is derived from the most commonly used nucleotide at each position.
• Genes in double stranded DNA can be found on either or both strands.
• Eukaryotes have different kinds of RNA including mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.
• RNA Pol I transcribes some rRNA genes.
• RNA Pol II transcribes mRNA.
• RNA Pol III transcribes tRNA and other small RNAs.
• Eukaryotic transcription is activated by transcription factors, TFID, and the TATA binding protein TBP.
• Promoters are upstream of the transcription start point. Enhancers are located upstream of the promoter.
• Operons allow for efficient control of many genes needed for one task.
• 45S rRNA enhances protein synthesis by stabilizing ribosome structures.
• the 45S rRNA in eukaryotes is similar to a prokaryotic operon.
• Transcription can be inhibited by bacterial repressors when a metabolite is present in sufficient quantity.
• Gene regulation in prokaryotes can be negative to stop transcription or positive to promote transcription.
• The Lambda repressor can both inhibit and promote gene expression.
• The lac operon in bacteria is activated when glucose is absent and lactose is available.
• Yeast activators are modular in structure.
• Genes can be activated by chromatin remodeling.
• Binding of multiple transcriptional activators may have a synergistic effect.
• Eukaryotic enhancesomes enhance transcription.
• Insulators are eukaryotic DNA sequences that have the ability to inhibit transcription bidirectionally.
• True or false. Both RNA and DNA are synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.
• Bacterial RNA polymerase has 2 subunits.
• In a double-stranded DNA molecule, both strands carry genes.
• CAP when referring to the lac operon stands for catabolic activator protein.