DNA Structure and Central Dogma

• What is DNA packaged into?

  Chromosomes
• How is DNA in the cell typically associated?

  With proteins
• How much human DNA fits into a sphere?

  2 meters into 0.000005 meters
• What is DNA often referred to as?

  The molecule of life
• What does DNA carry genetic instructions for?

  Growth, development, functioning, reproduction
• How many cells are responsible for DNA replication?

  Trillions
• What is one of the main functions of DNA?

  Stores genetic information
• What does DNA cause among organisms?

  Variation
• How many human chromosomes does each cell contain?

  46
• How many DNA subunits are in each cell?

  3 billion
• What are the bases of DNA?

  A, T, C, G
• Approximately how many genes code for proteins in humans?

  30,000
• What are nucleotides?

  Subunits of DNA
• Who received the Nobel Prize for DNA structure determination?

  Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
• Why was Franklin not honored with the Nobel Prize?

  She died from cancer
• What is the structure of DNA according to Watson and Crick?

  Double-stranded helix
• What sugar is found in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

  Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
• What is the phosphate group in DNA?

  A component of DNA
• What are purines?

  2-carbon nitrogen ring bases
• Which bases are purines?

  Adenine and guanine
• What are pyrimidines?

  1-carbon nitrogen ring bases
• Which bases are pyrimidines?

  Thymine and cytosine
• What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

  DNA → RNA → Protein
• Who first enunciated the central dogma?

  Francis Crick in 1958
• What is transcription?

  Synthesis of mRNA from DNA
• What is translation?

  Synthesis of protein using mRNA
• What enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

  DNA polymerase
• What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

  RNA polymerase
• What is the role of ribosomes?

  Translation (DNA → Protein)
• What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA:
  • Full Name: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • Sugar: Deoxyribose
  • Shape: Double Helix
  • Function: Stores genetic info
  • Nitrogenous Bases: A, T, G, C
  • Location: Nucleus

  
  

  • RNA:
  • Full Name: Ribonucleic Acid
  • Sugar: Ribose
  • Shape: Single Helix
  • Function: Uses genetic info
  • Nitrogenous Bases: A, U, G, C
  • Location: Cytoplasm
• What is DNA packaged into?

  Chromosomes
• How is DNA in cells typically associated?

  With proteins
• How much human DNA fits into a sphere?

  2 meters into 0.000005 meters
• What is DNA often referred to as?

  The molecule of life
• What does DNA carry genetic instructions for?

  Growth, development, functioning, reproduction
• How many cells are responsible for DNA replication?

  Trillions
• What does DNA cause among organisms?

  Variation
• How many human chromosomes does each cell contain?

  3 billion DNA subunits
• What are the bases of DNA?

  A, T, C, G