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DNA and Heredity
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Cards (197)
What molecule is common to all life on Earth and contains the code for the shape and
structure of living things
?
DNA (
deoxyribonucleic acid
)
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What was one of the most significant outcomes of discovering the structure of DNA?
Understanding how
organisms
reproduce
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What type of molecule is DNA?
Macromolecule
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What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
Nucleotides
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What three components make up a nucleotide?
Phosphate
,
sugar
, and a
base
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What are the four bases found in DNA?
Adenine
,
cytosine
,
thymine
, and
guanine
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In the double helix structure of DNA, what molecules form the long chains?
Phosphate
and
sugar
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Which base pairs with adenosine (A) in DNA?
Thymine
(T)
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Which base pairs with guanine (G) in DNA?
Cytosine
(C)
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What is the term for the phenomenon where adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine?
Complementary base pairing
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In DNA, what part determines the genetic code?
The
bases
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What does the genetic code determine?
Characteristics of the
organism
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How is DNA stored within a cell?
Divided into
chromosomes
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What are chromosomes?
Individual
lengths of
DNA
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What do chromosomes carry in the nucleus of a cell?
Chemical
instructions
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What is the structure of chromosomes?
DNA
wrapped around
proteins
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What type of cell contains two sets of each chromosome?
Diploid cell
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What type of cell contains only a single set of unpaired chromosomes?
Haploid cell
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What is the number of chromosomes known as?
Karyotype
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What is the human karyotype?
46
chromosomes
or
23
pairs
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What determines whether an individual is male or female in humans?
The
twenty-third
pair of
chromosomes
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What are the two types of sex chromosomes?
X and Y
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What combination of sex chromosomes leads to the development of a female?
Two X
chromosomes
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What combination of sex chromosomes leads to the development of a male?
One
X and one Y chromosome
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What are lengths of genetic code that determine different characteristics called?
Genes
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What does a gene consist of?
A
length
of
DNA
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What is a gene?
A
heritable
factor influencing a
characteristic
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What does each gene code for?
A specific
protein molecule
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What are variant forms of a gene called?
Alleles
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How do alleles differ?
In one or a few
bases
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What genetic disease is caused by a less common allele with thymine (T) instead of adenine (A) in the haemoglobin gene?
Sickle cell anaemia
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What are chromosomes of one particular type called?
Homologous chromosomes
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What is true about homologous chromosomes?
They have the same
genes
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What is the genome?
All
genetic
information of an organism
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How is genome size measured?
Millions
of
base pairs
of DNA
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Which organism from the provided table has the largest genome size?
Paris japonica
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Which organism from the provided table has the smallest genome size?
T2 phage
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Why does DNA need to condense?
To fit in the
nucleus
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What is the process of shortening DNA by coiling called?
DNA
condensation
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For what three important cellular phenomena is the uncoiling of DNA necessary?
DNA
replication
,
mitosis
,
meiosis
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See all 197 cards
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