DNA and Heredity

    Cards (197)

    • What molecule is common to all life on Earth and contains the code for the shape and structure of living things?

      DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
    • What was one of the most significant outcomes of discovering the structure of DNA?
      Understanding how organisms reproduce
    • What type of molecule is DNA?
      Macromolecule
    • What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
      Nucleotides
    • What three components make up a nucleotide?
      Phosphate, sugar, and a base
    • What are the four bases found in DNA?
      Adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine
    • In the double helix structure of DNA, what molecules form the long chains?
      Phosphate and sugar
    • Which base pairs with adenosine (A) in DNA?
      Thymine (T)
    • Which base pairs with guanine (G) in DNA?
      Cytosine (C)
    • What is the term for the phenomenon where adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine?
      Complementary base pairing
    • In DNA, what part determines the genetic code?
      The bases
    • What does the genetic code determine?
      Characteristics of the organism
    • How is DNA stored within a cell?
      Divided into chromosomes
    • What are chromosomes?
      Individual lengths of DNA
    • What do chromosomes carry in the nucleus of a cell?
      Chemical instructions
    • What is the structure of chromosomes?
      DNA wrapped around proteins
    • What type of cell contains two sets of each chromosome?
      Diploid cell
    • What type of cell contains only a single set of unpaired chromosomes?
      Haploid cell
    • What is the number of chromosomes known as?
      Karyotype
    • What is the human karyotype?
      46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
    • What determines whether an individual is male or female in humans?
      The twenty-third pair of chromosomes
    • What are the two types of sex chromosomes?
      X and Y
    • What combination of sex chromosomes leads to the development of a female?
      Two X chromosomes
    • What combination of sex chromosomes leads to the development of a male?
      One X and one Y chromosome
    • What are lengths of genetic code that determine different characteristics called?
      Genes
    • What does a gene consist of?
      A length of DNA
    • What is a gene?
      A heritable factor influencing a characteristic
    • What does each gene code for?
      A specific protein molecule
    • What are variant forms of a gene called?
      Alleles
    • How do alleles differ?
      In one or a few bases
    • What genetic disease is caused by a less common allele with thymine (T) instead of adenine (A) in the haemoglobin gene?
      Sickle cell anaemia
    • What are chromosomes of one particular type called?
      Homologous chromosomes
    • What is true about homologous chromosomes?
      They have the same genes
    • What is the genome?
      All genetic information of an organism
    • How is genome size measured?
      Millions of base pairs of DNA
    • Which organism from the provided table has the largest genome size?
      Paris japonica
    • Which organism from the provided table has the smallest genome size?
      T2 phage
    • Why does DNA need to condense?
      To fit in the nucleus
    • What is the process of shortening DNA by coiling called?
      DNA condensation
    • For what three important cellular phenomena is the uncoiling of DNA necessary?
      DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis
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