general biology

• Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.
• Cells require energy to carry out many different functions such as active transport across the membrane, protein synthesis, and cell division.
• ATP stores energy until a cell needs it.
• When a cell requires energy, it breaks part of the ATP molecule apart which releases energy.
• ATP consists of 3 parts: 1 adenine molecule, 1 ribose sugar molecule, and 3 phosphate molecules.
• Energy is stored in the bond that is found between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups.
• When a cell requires energy, it breaks off the last (3rd) phosphate group from the ATP molecule, which releases energy.
• The molecule that is left over is called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which consists of adenine, ribose sugar, and TWO phosphate groups.
• ADP contains less energy than ATP.
• ATP molecules are constantly being rebuilt from ADP and lone phosphate groups.
• This ensures that cells always have a source of energy.
• The energy to make ATP comes from a carbohydrate called GLUCOSE.
• Glucose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar.
• Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis.