hypothesis testing

• The null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no significant difference or relationship between variables in a population.
• Hypothesis testing can be used to determine whether a statement about the value of population parameter should or should not be rejected.
• The NULL hypothesis, denoted by H_0​, is a tentative assumption about a population parameter. 
• The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H_a, is the opposite of what is stated in the null hypothesis.