Vaccinations

• What do white blood cells recognize on a pathogen after a person is infected?

  Markers (antigens)
• What is the role of memory cells in subsequent infections?

  Produce antibodies quickly and in higher numbers
• What is the outcome of memory cells producing antibodies quickly and in higher numbers?

  The person does not get sick
• What is a vaccine made from?

  A small amount of weakened or killed pathogen
• Why are pathogens in vaccines weakened or killed?

  To stop you from getting ill
• What type of immunity is achieved by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies?

  Active immunity
• How is active immunity usually achieved?

  Using a vaccine
• What is herd immunity?

  When a large proportion of the population is immune
• What is the effect of herd immunity on the spread of pathogens?

  The spread of the pathogen is reduced
• How is herd immunity usually achieved?

  Via vaccination
• How are small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens administered in vaccinations?

  By injection
• What triggers white blood cells to make antibodies after vaccination?

  Antigens in the vaccine
• What is the risk of getting the disease after vaccination?

  There is no risk
• What else does the body make besides antibodies after vaccination?

  Memory cells
• What do memory cells produce if the pathogen attacks later?

  Lots of antibodies
• What is the result of memory cells quickly producing lots of antibodies?

  You are now immune to the disease
• What do antibodies do to antigens after vaccination?

  Destroy the antigens