demography

• What is the study of populations and their characteristics called?

  Demography
• How are family and population linked?

  Families raise new population members affecting survival
• What role do kin play when people move between regions?

  Kins facilitate the move for individuals
• What are the characteristics included in demography?

  Size and age structure of the population
• What does the size characteristic in demography refer to?

  Whether the population is large or small
• What does age structure indicate in a population?

  Whether the average age is rising or falling
• What factors affect the size of a country's population?

  Births, deaths, immigration, and emigration
• What does immigration refer to in demographic terms?

  People entering the country from elsewhere
• What does emigration refer to in demographic terms?

  People leaving the country to live elsewhere
• What was the population of the UK in 1901?

  10.5 million
• What was the population of the UK in 1951?

  37 million
• What is the current approximate population of the UK?

  65 million
• What is one projection for the UK population by 2031?

  It will rise to 71 million
• Until the 1980s, what primarily drove UK population growth?

  Natural change
• What do some sociologists believe about the quality of life?

  It has significantly improved over time
• What trends are observed in birth rates?

  Long-term decline in birth rate
• When were the three 'baby booms' in the UK?

  After WW1, WW2, and during the 1960s
• What are the reasons for the decline in birth rate?

  1. Changes in the position of women
  2. Fall in infant mortality rate
  3. Children as an economic liability
  4. Child centredness
• How have changes in the position of women affected birth rates?

  Increased education and workforce participation
• What factors contributed to the fall in infant mortality rate?

  Improved housing, sanitation, and nutrition
• Why are children considered an economic liability?

  They remain dependent longer due to laws
• What does child centredness imply about parenting today?

  Parents focus on quality over quantity of children
• What is the impact of a declining birth rate on the dependency ratio?

  The dependency ratio increases
• How does the working population support the dependent population?

  Through tax from their earnings
• Why are women having fewer children?

  To reduce the burden of dependency
• What is the death rate?

  The number of deaths per 1000 per year
• What are the trends in death rates?

  Generally declining with some fluctuations
• What factors have contributed to the decline in death rates?

  Improved nutrition and medical advancements
• What are the reasons for an ageing population?

  Increased life expectancy and low infant mortality
• What is the impact of an ageing population on public services?

  Increased strain on public services
• What does Phillipson argue about the elderly in capitalism?

  They are economically dependent and unproductive
• What is Hunt's perspective on identity and age?

  Age does not determine identity anymore
• What is immigration?

  Movement into a society
• What is emigration?

  Movement out of a society
• What are the reasons for migration?

  • Push factors: unemployment, economic recession
  • Pull factors: higher wages, better opportunities
• What are push factors in migration?

  Unemployment and economic recession
• What are pull factors in migration?

  Higher wages and better opportunities