Cell Cycles (Mitosis)

• Cells in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, such as humans, plants, and walruses, require a continuous supply of new cells for growth, development, and repair.
• The process through which these cells are generated is known as the cell cycle, which can be thought of as the life cycle of the cell from the time it was made to the time it divides into two new cells.
• The cell cycle consists of three main stages: growth, DNA replication, and mitosis.
• During the growth stage of the cell cycle, the cell grows in size and increases the number of sub-solar structures it contains, such as mitochondria and ribosomes.
• The DNA is duplicated during the DNA replication stage of the cell cycle so that the two new cells will each have a full set of DNA.
• The mitosis stage of the cell cycle is also known as division or cytokinesis, and it involves the division of the cell into two new cells.
• Animals of different species can't reproduce to have fertile offspring because the cell continues to repair for division, duplicating each of the 46 chromosomes and attaching the duplicates to the original chromosome, forming an X shape.
• Each chromosome is colored half green to highlight the fact that the right half of each chromosome is a duplicate of the left half.
• The result of this process is that the DNA on the right arm of each X-shaped chromosome is the same as the DNA on the left arm of that chromosome.
• All 46 of the cell's chromosomes line up along the center of the cell during the third and final stage, known as division or cytokinesis.
• Fibers from either side of the cell attach to their respective half of each chromosome during division, pulling the arms of the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell, breaking the chromosomes in half into two separate arms.
• Each daughter cell resulting from division has the same DNA as the parent cell and the two cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell.
• These resulting daughter cells can then contribute to growth, development, or repair and undergo the cell cycle again.