Cell Biology

• what is a eukaryotic cell?

  a cell which contains DNA within a nucleus
• what is a prokaryotic cell?

  a cell whose DNA is loose in the cell
• name 3 eukaryotic cells

  1. animal cells
  2. plant cells
  3. fungi
• name a prokaryotic cells

  bacterial cell
• name 5 sub-cellular structures that are in a animal and plant cells

  1. nucleus
  2. mitochondria
  3. ribosomes
  4. cell membrane
  5. cytoplasm
• what 3 sub-cellular structures are in plants but not animals

  1. chloroplasts
  2. permanent vacuole
  3. cell wall
• what is the cell membrane's role?

  control of what enters and exits the cell
• what is the role of the cytoplasm?

  jelly like substance which is where the chemical reactions take place
• what is the role of the nucleas?

  contains genetic material (DNA) and controls what the cell does
• what is the role of the mitochondria?

  carry out aerobic respiration and provide the cell with energy
• what is the role of ribosomes?

  site of protein synthesis
• in plants what is the cell wall made out of?

  cellulose
• what is the role of the cell wall?

  provides strength and structure to the cell, preventing it from bursting or shrinking when water enters or leaves the cell via osmosis
• what does the vacuole contain?

  Cell sap, water, nutrients, and waste.
• what is the role of the vacuole?

  supports the cell maintaining its turgidity
• what is the role of chloroplasts?

  site of photosynthesis, produces glucose for cellular respiration
• what are the tail like structures on a bacterial cell?

  flagella
• what is chlorophyll?

  contained in the chloroplasts, the green pigment which makes leaves green, absorbs the light for photosynthesis
• what 7 sub-cellular structures are found a a bacterial cells?

  1. cell wall
  2. cell membrane
  3. plasmid
  4. flagella
  5. ribosomes
  6. cytoplasm
  7. circular strand of DNA
• what are plasmids, what are their role?

  small circular loops of DNA, they contain 'extra genes' which are useful to the bacteria, for example for antibiotic resistance
• what is the equation that links Magnification, image size and actual size?

  magnification = image size / actual size
• what are the two types of microscopes?

  electron microscope and light microscope
• what is the definition of magnification?

  how many times bigger an object appears compared to the real object
• what is resolution?

  how much detail you can see in the image
• what microscope is more expensive and provides a higher resolution?

  Electron microscope