Triple Biology 2

Created by

Sienna Carding

Cards (50)

Describe how the eye focuses on a distant object
The ciliary muscles relax / The suspensory ligaments are pulled tight / The lens is then pulled thin and only slightly refracts light rays
State the position and function of the cerebral cortex
.
State the position and function of the cerebellum
.
Give the medical term for short sightedness
Myopia
State the position and function of the medulla
.
Give the medical term for long sightedness
Hyperopia
Give the reasons that make investigating the brain disorders difficult
The brain is complex and delicate
State 4 methods of correcting vision
Spectacle lenses, hard or soft contact lenses, laser surgery to change the shape of the cornea, replacement lens in the eye
Define accommodation with reference to the human eye
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
Describe the body response to high temperature
Vasodilation and sweat is produced to transfer energy from the skin to the environment
Describe how the eye focuses on a near object
The ciliary muscles contract / The suspensory ligaments loosen / The lens is then thicker and refracts light rays strongly
Describe the body response to low temperature
Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops and skeletal muscles contract (shiver)
State the effect of the loss or gain of too much water by cells
They do not function efficiently
State the role of ethene in plant control and coordination
Controls cell division and ripening of fruits
Describe how excess protein is removed from the body
The digestion of proteins from the diet results in excess amino acids which need to be excreted safely. In the liver these amino acids are deaminated to form ammonia. Ammonia is toxic and so it is immediately converted to urea for safe excretion.
State 3 uses of auxins
Weed killers / rooting powders / promoting growth in tissue culture
Describe the function of kidneys in maintaining the water balance of the body
The kidneys produce urine by filtration of the blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances, such as glucose, some ions and water
State a use of ethene in the food industry
To control ripening of fruit during storage and transport
Describe how ADH affects the action of the kidney
ADH is released by the pituitary gland when the blood is too concentrated, and it causes more water to be re-absorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules. This is controlled by negative feedback.
State 3 uses of gibberellins
End seed dormancy, promote flowering, increase fruit size
How do auxins affect plant growth
Unequal distributions of auxin cause unequal growth rates in plants roots and shoots
State 3 advantages of sexual reproduction
Produces variation in offspring, if the environment changes variation gives a survival advantage by natural selection, natural selection can be speeded up by humans in selective breeding to increase food production
State the importance of gibberellins  
Initiating seed germination
Name the bases found in DNA and describe how they combine
A joins with T, G joins with C
Sequence the process of natural selection
Variation within a population caused by mutations, best adapted to the environment survive long enough to reproduce, genes are passed on to the next generation
How does a mutation in DNA affect a protein?
Mutations code for an altered protein with a different shape. An enzyme may no longer fit the substrate binding site or a structural protein may lose its strength
Darwin published his ideas in which book?
On the Origin of Species
Name 4 methods of cloning
Tissue culture, cuttings, embryo transplants, adult cell cloning
State 3 reasons why Darwin’s ideas were only gradually accepted
Theory challenged the idea that God made all the animals and plants that live on earth, there was insufficient evidence at the time the theory was published to convince many scientists, the mechanism of inheritance and variation was not known h til 50 years after the theory was published
Describe tissue culture
Using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants. This is important for preserving rare plant species or commercially in nurseries
Alfred Russel Wallace’s work contributed to what theory?
Speciation
Describe embryo transplants as a method of cloning
Splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers
Why was the work of Gregor Mendel not recognised until after his desth?
There was no knowledge of chromosomes or genes
Describe the process of adult cell cloning
The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell, the nucleus from an adult body cell, such as a skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell, an electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo, these embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell, when the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development
State 3 factors that affect the rate of decay
Temperature, water and availability of oxygen
Name the useful product from anaerobic decay
Methane (biogas) which can be used as a fuel
What proportion of biomass is passed in from each tropic level to the level above?
Approximately 10%
Name 3 environmental factors that affect the distribution of species
Temperature, availability of water and composition of atmospheric gases
Give 3 reasons why biomass is lost between trophic levels
Not all food is absorbed, some is lost as faeces. Some absorbed material is lost as waste such as carbon dioxide and water. Large amounts of glucose is used in respiration
Name the types of organisms at the first trophic level in an ecosystem
Plants and algae that make their own food (producers)