Definitions

• What is acid rain?

  Rain with a pH lower than expected
• What is activation energy?

  Minimum energy to start a reaction
• What is an addition reaction?

  Reagents combine to give a single product
• What is an alcohol?

  Homologous series containing the -OH group
• What is an aldehyde?

  Homologous series containing the -CHO group
• What is average bond enthalpy?

  Average energy to break a covalent bond
• What is a biofuel?

  A fuel produced using a biological source
• What is bond enthalpy?

  Energy to break X-Y bond in gaseous phase
• What is a carbocation?

  An ion with a positively charged carbon
• What does carbon neutral mean?

  No net transfer of carbon dioxide to atmosphere
• What is a carboxylic acid?

  Homologous series containing -COOH group
• What is a catalyst?

  Substance that increases reaction rate without use
• What is a chain reaction?

  A reaction that continues once started
• What are CFCs?

  Halogenoalkanes containing fluorine and chlorine
• What is characteristic absorption?

  Wavenumber range for bond radiation absorption
• What are the classifications of alcohols?

  Primary, secondary, or tertiary based on structure
• What is chemical shift?

  Difference in frequency of absorption in ppm
• What is complete combustion?

  Combustion that occurs with excess oxygen
• What is a displayed formula?

  Shows all atoms and bonds in a molecule
• What is an electrophile?

  Electron deficient species accepting lone pair
• What is an elimination reaction?

  Loss of a small molecule resulting in double bond
• What is an endothermic reaction?

  Reaction that takes in energy from surroundings
• What is enthalpy change (ΔH)?

  Heat added to a system at constant pressure
• What is enthalpy change of combustion?

  Change in enthalpy when 1 mole combusted
• What is enthalpy change of formation?

  Change in enthalpy to form 1 mole from elements
• What is enthalpy change of reaction?

  Change in enthalpy for any chemical reaction
• What does environment mean in NMR?

  Nature of surrounding atoms/groups in a molecule
• What is an exothermic reaction?

  Reaction that releases energy to surroundings
• What is E-Z isomerism?

  Isomerism in alkenes due to restricted rotation
• What is fermentation?

  Enzyme catalyzed reaction turning sugars into ethanol
• What is a fossil fuel?

  Fuels derived from ancient organisms
• What is fragmentation?

  Splitting of molecules into smaller parts
• What is a functional group?

  Atom/group giving compound characteristic properties
• What is a greenhouse gas?

  A gas causing Earth's temperature increase
• What is halogenation?

  A reaction with any halogen
• What is a halogenoalkane?

  An alkane with replaced hydrogen by halogen
• What is Hess' Law?

  Total enthalpy change is independent of route
• What is a heterogeneous catalyst?

  A catalyst different state from reactants
• What is heterolytic bond fission?

  One atom receives both electrons forming ions
• What are HFCs?

  Halogenoalkanes where fluorine is the only halogen